Smart Fire-Smoke Detector Berbasis Mobile IoT Apps

Starting Class to Become a Great IoT Engineer Batch 1

The increase in population in a country is one of the development capitals. A large population can influence the development of settlements. On the other hand, settlements that are not well regulated can lead to disasters, such as fires. Fire disasters that occur can result in material and immaterial losses. Therefore, the goal of this project is none other than to produce a good fire detection system. This project has been implemented and took approximately 2 weeks. The results show that the system can function properly. The system interface uses the MIT App Inventor application.

Project Requirements

Part	Description
Development Board	Wemos D1 R2
Code Editor	Arduino IDE 1.8.19 (Stable Legacy Version)
Application Support	MIT App Inventor
Driver	CH340 USB Driver
IoT Platform	Antares
Communications Protocol	• Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) • Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
IoT Architecture	4 Layer
Database	Firebase
Programming Language	C/C++
Arduino Library	• ESP8266WiFi (default) • Wire (default) • AntaresESP8266MQTT by Antares (Version: 0.9.2) • MQ2_LPG by cakraawijaya (Version: 1.0.1) • LiquidCrystal_I2C by Frank de Brabander (Version: 1.1.2) • Firebase_Arduino_Client_Library_for_ESP8266_and_ESP32 by Mobizt (Version: 4.3.8)
Actuators	Piezo buzzer (x1)
Sensor	• KY-26: Fire Sensor (x1) • MQ-2: Gas Sensor (x1)
Display	LCD I2C (x1)
Other Components	• Micro USB cable - USB type A (x1) • Jumper cable (1 set) • Breadboard (x1) • Casing box (x1)

Download & Install

1. Arduino IDE

   https://bit.ly/ArduinoIDE_Installer

   
   

2. CH340 USB Driver

   https://bit.ly/CH340_USBdriver

Project Designs

Schematic Diagram	Pictorial Diagram	Block Diagram

Infrastructure	Prototype	Systems Diagram

Wiring

Basic Knowledge

The difference in pinouts on the Wemos D1 R1 and R2 boards is clearly shown in the image below:

Wemos D1 R1	Wemos D1 R2

Scanning the I2C Address on the LCD

/* ===================================================== I2C Scanner for Arduino / ESP32 / ESP8266 by: Devan Cakra Mudra Wijaya, S.Kom. ===================================================== Functions: - Detects all connected I2C devices - Displays device addresses in HEX format - Displays the total number of detected devices ===================================================== SDA and SCL Pins for Arduino / ESP32 / ESP8266 ===================================================== Arduino I2C Connection (default): - Arduino Uno / Nano (ATmega328P) SDA -> A4 SCL -> A5 - Arduino Mega 2560 SDA -> D20 SCL -> D21 - Other Arduino boards SDA -> SDA pin SCL -> SCL pin (Refer to the datasheet or board pinout) ESP32 I2C Connection (default): SDA -> GPIO 21 SCL -> GPIO 22 ESP8266 I2C Connection (default): SDA -> GPIO 4 (D2) SCL -> GPIO 5 (D1) */ // Include the Wire library for I2C communication #include <Wire.h> // Constant that defines the delay between scans (5000 ms = 5 seconds) const uint32_t SCAN_INTERVAL = 5000; // Function to initialize I2C communication // SDA and SCL pin configuration will be adjusted automatically based on the board being used void initI2C() { // If the board being used is ESP32: #if defined(ESP32) // Enable I2C communication // SDA = GPIO21 // SCL = GPIO22 Wire.begin(21, 22); // If the board being used is ESP8266: #elif defined(ESP8266) // Enable I2C communication // SDA = D2 (GPIO4) // SCL = D1 (GPIO5) Wire.begin(D2, D1); // If the board is neither ESP32 nor ESP8266 // Examples: Arduino Uno, Nano, Mega, Leonardo, etc. #else // Enable I2C communication using the board's built-in hardware pins Wire.begin(); #endif } // The setup() function runs once when the board is powered on or reset // It is used to initialize hardware, serial communication, sensors, modules, and the program's initial configuration void setup() { // Start Serial communication at 115200 baud rate Serial.begin(115200); // Check whether the board uses native USB // Examples: Arduino Leonardo, Arduino Micro, some ESP32-S2/S3 boards #if defined(USBCON) || defined(ARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT) // If yes: // The program will wait until the Serial Monitor is connected before continuing execution while (!Serial); #endif // Wait for 2 seconds before starting the program delay(2000); // Display program header Serial.println("===================================="); Serial.println(" I2C DEVICE SCANNER "); Serial.println("by: Devan Cakra Mudra Wijaya, S.Kom."); Serial.println("===================================="); // Print an empty line Serial.println(); // Initialize I2C communication initI2C(); } // The loop() function runs continuously after setup() has finished // The main program logic is typically placed inside this function void loop() { // Variable to store the error code returned from I2C communication uint8_t error; // Variable to store the I2C address currently being checked uint8_t address; // Counter variable for the number of detected devices uint8_t deviceCount = 0; // Display information indicating that the scan process has started Serial.println("------------------------------------"); Serial.println("Scanning I2C bus..."); Serial.println("------------------------------------"); // Loop through addresses from 1 to 126 // Valid I2C addresses range from 0x01 to 0x7E for (address = 1; address < 127; address++) { // Start communication with the address currently being tested Wire.beginTransmission(address); // End the transmission and store the result // 0 = success // 1 = data too long // 2 = NACK received when address was sent // 3 = NACK received when data was sent // 4 = other error error = Wire.endTransmission(); // If no error occurs: if (error == 0) { // Display information that a device was found Serial.print("[FOUND] Device at address 0x"); // If the address is less than 16: // Add a leading zero to keep HEX formatting aligned if (address < 16) { Serial.print("0"); } // Display the address in HEX format Serial.println(address, HEX); // Increment the detected device count deviceCount++; } // If an unknown error occurs: else if (error == 4) { // Display an error message Serial.print("[ERROR] Unknown error at address 0x"); // If the address is less than 16: // Add a leading zero to keep HEX formatting aligned if (address < 16) { Serial.print("0"); } // Display the problematic address in HEX format Serial.println(address, HEX); } // If the error is neither 0 nor 4: // Ignore it, as this usually means no device exists at that address } // Print an empty line Serial.println(); // If no devices were found: if (deviceCount == 0) { // Display a message indicating that no devices were found Serial.println("No I2C devices found."); } else { // If at least one device was found: // Display the total number of detected devices Serial.print("Total devices found: "); // Display the value of deviceCount Serial.println(deviceCount); } // Display information about the next scan Serial.print("Next scan in "); // Convert milliseconds to seconds Serial.print(SCAN_INTERVAL / 1000); // Display the unit in seconds Serial.println(" seconds."); // Empty line Serial.println("\n"); // Wait 5 seconds before performing the next scan delay(SCAN_INTERVAL); }

MQ-2 Sensor Calibration for LPG Gas

MQ-2 sensor calibration tutorial for LPG Gas: Click Here

Arduino IDE Setup

1. Open the Arduino IDE first, then open the project by clicking File -> Open :

   FP_Indobot_DevanCakraMW.ino

   
   

2. Fill in the Additional Board Manager URLs in Arduino IDE

   Click File -> Preferences -> enter the Boards Manager Url by copying the following link : http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json

   
   

3. Board Setup in Arduino IDE

   How to setup the WEMOS D1 R2 board
   • Click Tools -> Board -> Boards Manager -> Install esp8266. • Then selecting a board by clicking: Tools -> Board -> ESP8266 Board -> LOLIN(WEMOS) D1 R2 & mini.

   
   

4. Change the Board Speed in Arduino IDE

   Click Tools -> Upload Speed -> 115200

   
   

5. Install Library in Arduino IDE

   Download all the library zip files. Then paste it in the: C:\Users\Computer_Username\Documents\Arduino\libraries

   
   

6. Port Setup in Arduino IDE

   Click Port -> Choose according to your device port (you can see in device manager)

   
   

7. Change the WiFi Name, WiFi Password, and so on according to what you are currently using.
   
   

8. Before uploading the program please click: Verify.
   
   

9. If there is no error in the program code, then please click: Upload.
   
   

10. If there is still a problem when uploading the program, then try checking the driver / port / others section.

Antares Setup

1. Getting started with Antares :

   • Please Sign Up first. • Then please Sign In to access the service.

   
   

2. Activate Access Key :

   • Go to Account menu. • Click Get Access Key to generate an access key. This process only needs to be done once. • If you have activated an access key before, skip this step.

   
   

3. Create applications :

   • Go to Applications menu. • Click + Create an Application. • In the Add Application menu, please specify the following : Application Name -> Name of the App you will create. Application ID -> ID of the App you will create. Labels -> determine according to project needs.

   
   

4. Create a device :

   • Make sure you are on the Home / Applications / The app you created menu. • Click + Add Device. • You should specify the name of this device based on the variables in the project.

   
   

5. Firmware configuration :

   • Make sure you are on the Account menu. • Copy Access Key mentioned. • Paste in the firmware code, for example like this : #define ACCESSKEY "1444e88d02acb758:b996115b1c2f6f0f" • Then, the Project name and Device name must match what was created earlier. For example : #define projectName "Final_Project_Indobot_Academy_2023" #define deviceName "Smart_Fire_Smoke_Detector"

Firebase Setup

1. Open the official website Firebase :

   https://console.firebase.google.com/

   
   

2. Create a project with a free name.
   
   

3. Click gear symbol next to Project Overview -> Then select Project settings to get the FirebaseToken.
   
   

4. Click Realtime Database to get the FirebaseURL.

MIT App Inventor Setup

1. Open the official website MIT App Inventor :

   https://appinventor.mit.edu/

   
   

2. Click Create Apps!, then log in using google account.
   
   

3. Click Project -> then import the files in the Smart-Fire-Smoke-Detector-Berbasis-IoT-Mobile\Src\MIT App Inventor Project\ directory :

   Smart_Fire_Smoke_Detector.aia

   
   

4. Click FirebaseDB1 then set the following 3 points:

   • FirebaseToken -> fill with Token obtained from the Project settings section. • FirebaseURL -> fill with URL obtained from the Realtime Database section. • ProjectBucket -> fill with DB Container. In this case it is Detect.

   
   

5. Then click Connect -> next select AI Companion.
   
   

6. Open your smartphone, then in the Google Play Store search for the MIT AI2 Companion application, then install it.
   
   

7. Open the MIT AI2 Companion app.
   
   

8. Select Scan QR Code method.
   
   

9. Point your smartphone at the QR Code area on the MIT App Inventor site.

Get Started

1. Download and extract this repository.
   
   

2. Make sure you have the necessary electronic components.
   
   

3. Make sure your components are designed according to the diagram.
   
   

4. Configure your device according to the settings above.
   
   

5. Please enjoy [Done].

Highlights

MIT App Inventor	Device	Firebase	Antares

Simulation of Monitoring with Mobile Apps

Appreciation

If this work is useful to you, then support this work as a form of appreciation to the author by clicking the ⭐Star button at the top of the repository.

Disclaimer

This application is my own work and is not the result of plagiarism from other people's research or work, except those related to third party services which include: libraries, frameworks, and so on.

LICENSE

MIT License - Copyright © 2022 - Devan C. M. Wijaya, S.Kom

Permission is hereby granted without charge to any person obtaining a copy of this software and the software-related documentation files to deal in them without restriction, including without limitation the right to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons receiving the Software to be furnished therewith on the following terms:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice must accompany all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

IN ANY EVENT, THE AUTHOR OR COPYRIGHT HOLDER HEREIN RETAINS FULL OWNERSHIP RIGHTS. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, THEREFORE IF ANY DAMAGE, LOSS, OR OTHERWISE ARISES FROM THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE, THE AUTHOR OR COPYRIGHT HOLDER SHALL NOT BE LIABLE, AS THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE IS NOT COMPELLED AT ALL, SO THE RISK IS YOUR OWN.