From 6c7f6146b1dd865d6d849709a3a2b321bf246f8e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Timeless0911 <1604889533@qq.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2026 20:07:33 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] feat(core): use modern-module externals type for esm

---
 packages/core/src/config.ts                   | 180 +-----------------
 .../tests/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap   |  22 +--
 pnpm-lock.yaml                                |  15 +-
 tests/integration/auto-external/index.test.ts |  40 +---
 .../module-import-warn/src/index.ts           |  15 --
 tests/integration/externals/index.test.ts     |  58 +++---
 .../modern-module-auto-external}/package.json |   3 +-
 .../rslib.config.ts                           |  13 +-
 .../modern-module-auto-external/src/index.ts  |  31 +++
 .../src/local-false.ts                        |   1 +
 .../externals/module-import-warn/package.json |   6 -
 .../module-import-warn/rslib.config.ts        |  20 --
 .../externals/module-import-warn/src/baz.ts   |   1 -
 .../externals/module-import-warn/src/index.ts |  13 --
 tests/integration/externals/node/src/index.ts |   2 +-
 website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx     |   7 +
 website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx     |   7 +
 17 files changed, 106 insertions(+), 328 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 tests/integration/auto-external/module-import-warn/src/index.ts
 rename tests/integration/{auto-external/module-import-warn => externals/modern-module-auto-external}/package.json (61%)
 rename tests/integration/{auto-external/module-import-warn => externals/modern-module-auto-external}/rslib.config.ts (71%)
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/src/index.ts
 create mode 100644 tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/src/local-false.ts
 delete mode 100644 tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/package.json
 delete mode 100644 tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/rslib.config.ts
 delete mode 100644 tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/src/baz.ts
 delete mode 100644 tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/src/index.ts

diff --git a/packages/core/src/config.ts b/packages/core/src/config.ts
index 1b41cc936..c33156e6e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/config.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/config.ts
@@ -71,159 +71,6 @@ import {
 } from './utils/syntax';
 import { loadTsconfig } from './utils/tsconfig';
 
-// Match logic is derived from https://github.com/webpack/webpack/blob/94aba382eccf3de1004d235045d4462918dfdbb7/lib/ExternalModuleFactoryPlugin.js#L89-L158
-const handleMatchedExternal = (
-  value: string | string[] | boolean | Record<string, string | string[]>,
-  request: string,
-): boolean => {
-  if (typeof value === 'boolean') {
-    return value;
-  }
-
-  if (typeof value === 'string') {
-    const [first, second] = value.split(' ');
-    const hasType = !!second;
-    const _request = second ? second : first;
-
-    // Don't need to warn explicit declared external type.
-    if (!hasType) {
-      return request === _request;
-    }
-
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
-    return handleMatchedExternal(value[0] ?? '', request);
-  }
-
-  if (typeof value === 'object') {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  return false;
-};
-
-const composeExternalsWarnConfig = (
-  format: Format,
-  ...externalsArray: NonNullable<EnvironmentConfig['output']>['externals'][]
-): EnvironmentConfig => {
-  if (format !== 'esm') {
-    return {};
-  }
-
-  const externals: NonNullable<EnvironmentConfig['output']>['externals'] = [];
-  for (const e of externalsArray.filter(Boolean)) {
-    if (Array.isArray(e)) {
-      externals.push(...e);
-    } else {
-      // @ts-expect-error
-      externals.push(e);
-    }
-  }
-
-  // Match logic is derived from https://github.com/webpack/webpack/blob/94aba382eccf3de1004d235045d4462918dfdbb7/lib/ExternalModuleFactoryPlugin.js#L166-L293.
-  const matchUserExternals = (
-    externals: NonNullable<EnvironmentConfig['output']>['externals'],
-    request: string,
-    callback: (matched: boolean, shouldWarn?: boolean) => void,
-  ) => {
-    // string
-    if (typeof externals === 'string') {
-      if (handleMatchedExternal(externals, request)) {
-        callback(true, true);
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-    // array
-    if (Array.isArray(externals)) {
-      let i = 0;
-      const next = () => {
-        let asyncFlag: boolean;
-        const handleExternalsAndCallback = (
-          matched: boolean,
-          shouldWarn?: boolean,
-        ) => {
-          if (!matched) {
-            if (asyncFlag) {
-              asyncFlag = false;
-              return;
-            }
-            next();
-            return;
-          }
-
-          callback(matched, shouldWarn);
-        };
-
-        do {
-          asyncFlag = true;
-          if (i >= externals.length) {
-            callback(false);
-            return;
-          }
-          matchUserExternals(
-            externals[i++],
-            request,
-            handleExternalsAndCallback,
-          );
-        } while (!asyncFlag);
-        asyncFlag = false;
-      };
-
-      next();
-      return;
-    }
-    // regexp
-    if (externals instanceof RegExp) {
-      if (externals.test(request)) {
-        callback(true, true);
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-    // function
-    else if (typeof externals === 'function') {
-      // TODO: Support function
-    }
-    // object
-    else if (typeof externals === 'object') {
-      if (Object.hasOwn(externals, request)) {
-        if (handleMatchedExternal(externals[request]!, request)) {
-          callback(true, true);
-        } else {
-          callback(true);
-        }
-        return;
-      }
-    }
-
-    callback(false);
-  };
-
-  return {
-    output: {
-      externals: [
-        ({ request, dependencyType, contextInfo }: any, callback: any) => {
-          let shouldWarn = false;
-          const _callback = (_matched: boolean, _shouldWarn?: boolean) => {
-            if (_shouldWarn) {
-              shouldWarn = true;
-            }
-          };
-
-          if (contextInfo.issuer && dependencyType === 'commonjs') {
-            matchUserExternals(externals, request, _callback);
-            if (shouldWarn) {
-              logger.warn(composeModuleImportWarn(request, contextInfo.issuer));
-            }
-          }
-          callback();
-        },
-      ],
-    },
-  };
-};
-
 const getAutoExternalDefaultValue = (
   format: Format,
   autoExternal?: AutoExternal,
@@ -511,7 +358,6 @@ export async function createConstantRsbuildConfig(): Promise<EnvironmentConfig>
 
 const composeFormatConfig = ({
   format,
-  target,
   bundle = true,
   umdName,
   pkgJson,
@@ -520,7 +366,6 @@ const composeFormatConfig = ({
   sourceEntry,
 }: {
   format: Format;
-  target: RsbuildConfigOutputTarget;
   pkgJson: PkgJson;
   bundle?: boolean;
   umdName?: Rspack.LibraryName;
@@ -552,7 +397,6 @@ const composeFormatConfig = ({
     new rspack.experiments.RslibPlugin({
       interceptApiPlugin: true,
       forceNodeShims: enabledShims.esm.__dirname || enabledShims.esm.__filename,
-      autoCjsNodeBuiltin: format === 'esm' && target === 'node',
     }),
   ].filter(Boolean);
 
@@ -940,13 +784,6 @@ const composeShimsConfig = (
   return { rsbuildConfig, enabledShims };
 };
 
-export const composeModuleImportWarn = (
-  request: string,
-  issuer: string,
-): string => {
-  return `The externalized commonjs request ${color.green(`"${request}"`)} from ${color.green(issuer)} will use ${color.blue('"module"')} external type in ESM format. If you want to specify other external type, consider setting the request and type with ${color.blue('"output.externals"')}.`;
-};
-
 const composeExternalsConfig = (
   format: Format,
   externals: NonNullable<EnvironmentConfig['output']>['externals'],
@@ -956,7 +793,7 @@ const composeExternalsConfig = (
   // should to be unified and merged together in the future.
 
   const externalsTypeMap: Record<Format, Rspack.ExternalsType> = {
-    esm: 'module-import',
+    esm: 'modern-module',
     cjs: 'commonjs-import',
     umd: 'umd',
     // If use 'var', when projects import an external package like '@pkg', this will cause a syntax error such as 'var pkg = @pkg'.
@@ -1684,8 +1521,9 @@ const composeTargetConfig = (
         target: 'node',
         externalsConfig: {
           output: {
-            // When output.target is 'node', Node.js's built-in will be treated as externals of type `node-commonjs`.
             // Keep Node.js built-in modules externalized for all Node.js targets.
+            // The generated code follows the current format's externalsType,
+            // such as `modern-module` for ESM and `commonjs-import` for CJS.
             // https://github.com/webpack/webpack/blob/dd44b206a9c50f4b4cb4d134e1a0bd0387b159a3/lib/node/NodeTargetPlugin.js#L81
             externals: nodeBuiltInModules,
           },
@@ -1784,7 +1622,6 @@ async function composeLibRsbuildConfig(
   } = composeTargetConfig(config.output?.target, format);
   const formatConfig = composeFormatConfig({
     format,
-    target,
     pkgJson: pkgJson!,
     bundle,
     umdName,
@@ -1855,11 +1692,6 @@ async function composeLibRsbuildConfig(
     contextToWatch: outBase,
   });
   const dtsConfig = await composeDtsConfig(config, format, dtsExtension);
-  const externalsWarnConfig = composeExternalsWarnConfig(
-    format,
-    userExternalsConfig?.output?.externals,
-    autoExternalConfig?.output?.externals,
-  );
   const minifyConfig = composeMinifyConfig(config);
   const bannerFooterConfig = composeBannerFooterConfig(banner, footer);
   const decoratorsConfig = composeDecoratorsConfig(
@@ -1879,12 +1711,10 @@ async function composeLibRsbuildConfig(
     targetConfig,
     // #region Externals configs
     // The order of the externals config should come in the following order:
-    // 1. `externalsWarnConfig` should come before other externals config to touch the externalized modules first.
-    // 2. `userExternalsConfig` should present at first to takes effect earlier than others.
-    // 3. The externals config in `bundlelessExternalConfig` should present after other externals config as
+    // 1. `userExternalsConfig` should present at first to takes effect earlier than others.
+    // 2. The externals config in `bundlelessExternalConfig` should present after other externals config as
     //    it relies on other externals config to bail out the externalized modules first then resolve
     //    the correct path for relative imports.
-    externalsWarnConfig,
     userExternalsConfig,
     autoExternalConfig,
     targetExternalsConfig,
diff --git a/packages/core/tests/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap b/packages/core/tests/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap
index c6259a780..2d8ffa3b4 100644
--- a/packages/core/tests/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap
+++ b/packages/core/tests/__snapshots__/config.test.ts.snap
@@ -321,7 +321,6 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
     ]
   },
   externals: [
-    function () { /* omitted long function */ },
     /^@rsbuild\\/core($|\\/|\\\\)/,
     /^rsbuild-plugin-dts($|\\/|\\\\)/,
     /^@microsoft\\/api-extractor($|\\/|\\\\)/,
@@ -1036,8 +1035,7 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
       _args: [
         {
           interceptApiPlugin: true,
-          forceNodeShims: false,
-          autoCjsNodeBuiltin: true
+          forceNodeShims: false
         }
       ]
     },
@@ -1059,7 +1057,7 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
   externalsPresets: {
     node: false
   },
-  externalsType: 'module-import'
+  externalsType: 'modern-module'
 }"
 `;
 
@@ -1801,8 +1799,7 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
       _args: [
         {
           interceptApiPlugin: true,
-          forceNodeShims: false,
-          autoCjsNodeBuiltin: false
+          forceNodeShims: false
         }
       ]
     },
@@ -2471,8 +2468,7 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
       _args: [
         {
           interceptApiPlugin: true,
-          forceNodeShims: false,
-          autoCjsNodeBuiltin: false
+          forceNodeShims: false
         }
       ]
     },
@@ -3144,8 +3140,7 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
       _args: [
         {
           interceptApiPlugin: true,
-          forceNodeShims: false,
-          autoCjsNodeBuiltin: false
+          forceNodeShims: false
         }
       ]
     },
@@ -3797,7 +3792,6 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
         "jsAsync": "./",
       },
       "externals": [
-        [Function],
         /\\^@rsbuild\\\\/core\\(\\$\\|\\\\/\\|\\\\\\\\\\)/,
         /\\^rsbuild-plugin-dts\\(\\$\\|\\\\/\\|\\\\\\\\\\)/,
         /\\^@microsoft\\\\/api-extractor\\(\\$\\|\\\\/\\|\\\\\\\\\\)/,
@@ -4004,7 +3998,6 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
             RslibPlugin {
               "_args": [
                 {
-                  "autoCjsNodeBuiltin": true,
                   "forceNodeShims": false,
                   "interceptApiPlugin": true,
                 },
@@ -4029,7 +4022,7 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
           ],
         },
         {
-          "externalsType": "module-import",
+          "externalsType": "modern-module",
         },
         {
           "plugins": [
@@ -4282,7 +4275,6 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
             RslibPlugin {
               "_args": [
                 {
-                  "autoCjsNodeBuiltin": false,
                   "forceNodeShims": false,
                   "interceptApiPlugin": true,
                 },
@@ -4519,7 +4511,6 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
             RslibPlugin {
               "_args": [
                 {
-                  "autoCjsNodeBuiltin": false,
                   "forceNodeShims": false,
                   "interceptApiPlugin": true,
                 },
@@ -4760,7 +4751,6 @@ exports[`Should compose create Rsbuild config correctly > Merge Rsbuild config i
             RslibPlugin {
               "_args": [
                 {
-                  "autoCjsNodeBuiltin": false,
                   "forceNodeShims": false,
                   "interceptApiPlugin": true,
                 },
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index ec770b723..27fb43c6c 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -641,15 +641,6 @@ importers:
         specifier: ^19.2.6
         version: 19.2.6
 
-  tests/integration/auto-external/module-import-warn:
-    dependencies:
-      lodash:
-        specifier: ^4.18.1
-        version: 4.18.1
-      react:
-        specifier: ^19.2.6
-        version: 19.2.6
-
   tests/integration/auto-external/with-externals:
     dependencies:
       react:
@@ -931,7 +922,11 @@ importers:
 
   tests/integration/externals/esm-node-builtin: {}
 
-  tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn: {}
+  tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external:
+    dependencies:
+      react:
+        specifier: ^19.2.6
+        version: 19.2.6
 
   tests/integration/externals/node: {}
 
diff --git a/tests/integration/auto-external/index.test.ts b/tests/integration/auto-external/index.test.ts
index c4c58b74a..8117f4e93 100644
--- a/tests/integration/auto-external/index.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/auto-external/index.test.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import { join } from 'node:path';
-import { stripVTControlCharacters as stripAnsi } from 'node:util';
 import { expect, test } from '@rstest/core';
-import { buildAndGetResults, proxyConsole } from 'test-helper';
-
-import { composeModuleImportWarn } from '../../../packages/core/src/config';
+import { buildAndGetResults } from 'test-helper';
 
 test('auto external default should works', async () => {
   const fixturePath = join(__dirname, 'default');
@@ -73,38 +70,3 @@ test('externals should overrides auto external', async () => {
     'const external_react1_namespaceObject = require("react1");',
   );
 });
-
-test('should get warn when use require in ESM', async () => {
-  const { logs, restore } = proxyConsole();
-  const fixturePath = join(__dirname, 'module-import-warn');
-  const { entries } = await buildAndGetResults({ fixturePath });
-  const logStrings = logs.map((log) => stripAnsi(log));
-
-  const shouldWarn = ['react', 'e2', 'e3', 'e5', 'e6', 'e7'];
-  const shouldNotWarn = ['e1', 'e4', 'e8', 'lodash/add', 'lodash/drop'];
-  const issuer = join(fixturePath, 'src/index.ts');
-
-  for (const item of shouldWarn) {
-    expect(entries.esm).toContain(
-      `import * as __rspack_external_${item} from "${item}"`,
-    );
-  }
-
-  for (const request of shouldWarn) {
-    expect(
-      logStrings.some((l) =>
-        l.includes(stripAnsi(composeModuleImportWarn(request, issuer))),
-      ),
-    ).toBe(true);
-  }
-
-  for (const request of shouldNotWarn) {
-    expect(
-      logStrings.some((l) =>
-        l.includes(stripAnsi(composeModuleImportWarn(request, issuer))),
-      ),
-    ).toBe(false);
-  }
-
-  restore();
-});
diff --git a/tests/integration/auto-external/module-import-warn/src/index.ts b/tests/integration/auto-external/module-import-warn/src/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index ab25d5ee9..000000000
--- a/tests/integration/auto-external/module-import-warn/src/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-/* rslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-require-imports */
-export const foo = () => {
-  const React = require('react');
-  const e1 = require('e1');
-  const e2 = require('e2');
-  const e3 = require('e3');
-  const e4 = require('e4');
-  const e5 = require('e5');
-  const e6 = require('e6');
-  const e7 = require('e7');
-  const e8 = require('e8');
-  const add = require('lodash/add');
-  const drop = require('lodash/drop');
-  return React.version + e1 + e2 + e3 + e4 + e5 + e6 + e7 + e8 + add + drop;
-};
diff --git a/tests/integration/externals/index.test.ts b/tests/integration/externals/index.test.ts
index a277aaf35..bead8bf88 100644
--- a/tests/integration/externals/index.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/externals/index.test.ts
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import { stripVTControlCharacters as stripAnsi } from 'node:util';
 import { expect, test } from '@rstest/core';
 import { buildAndGetResults, proxyConsole, queryContent } from 'test-helper';
 
-import { composeModuleImportWarn } from '../../../packages/core/src/config';
-
 test('should fail to build when `output.target` is not "node"', async () => {
   const fixturePath = join(__dirname, 'browser');
   const { restore } = proxyConsole();
@@ -21,11 +19,13 @@ test('auto externalize Node.js built-in modules when `output.target` is "node"',
   restore();
 
   for (const external of [
-    'import * as __rspack_external_bar from "bar";',
     'import { createRequire as __rspack_createRequire } from "node:module";',
     'import node_assert from "node:assert";',
     'import fs from "fs";',
     'import react from "react";',
+    'const __rspack_createRequire_require = __rspack_createRequire(import.meta.url);',
+    'module.exports = __rspack_createRequire_require("foo");',
+    'module.exports = __rspack_createRequire_require("bar");',
   ]) {
     expect(entries.esm).toContain(external);
   }
@@ -106,38 +106,42 @@ test('should remap node built-ins with user externals', async () => {
   expect(typeof esmOutput.loadPathSep).toBe('function');
 });
 
-test('should get warn when use require in ESM', async () => {
-  const { logs, restore } = proxyConsole();
-  const fixturePath = join(__dirname, 'module-import-warn');
+test('modern-module externals type', async () => {
+  const fixturePath = join(__dirname, 'modern-module-auto-external');
   const { entries } = await buildAndGetResults({ fixturePath });
-  const logStrings = logs.map((log) => stripAnsi(log));
-  const issuer = join(fixturePath, 'src/index.ts');
 
-  for (const external of [
-    'import * as __rspack_external_bar from "bar";',
-    'import * as __rspack_external_foo from "foo";',
-    'import * as __rspack_external_qux from "qux";',
-  ]) {
-    expect(entries.esm).toContain(external);
+  expect(entries.esm).toContain(
+    'import { createRequire as __rspack_createRequire } from "node:module";',
+  );
+  expect(entries.esm).toContain(
+    'const __rspack_createRequire_require = __rspack_createRequire(import.meta.url);',
+  );
+
+  for (const request of ['react', 'e2', 'e3', 'e5', 'e6', 'e7']) {
+    expect(entries.esm).toContain(
+      `module.exports = __rspack_createRequire_require("${request}");`,
+    );
   }
 
-  for (const external of ['foo', 'bar', 'qux']) {
-    expect(
-      logStrings.some((l) =>
-        l.includes(stripAnsi(composeModuleImportWarn(external, issuer))),
-      ),
-    ).toBe(true);
+  for (const request of ['e1', 'e4']) {
+    expect(entries.esm).toContain(`module.exports = require("${request}");`);
   }
 
-  for (const external of ['./baz', 'quxx']) {
-    expect(
-      logStrings.some((l) =>
-        l.includes(stripAnsi(composeModuleImportWarn(external, issuer))),
-      ),
-    ).toBe(false);
+  expect(entries.esm).toContain('import * as __rspack_external_e8 from "e8";');
+  expect(entries.esm).toContain('module.exports = __rspack_external_e8;');
+  expect(entries.esm).toContain('"./src/local-false.ts"');
+  expect(entries.esm).toContain(
+    'const localFalse = __webpack_require__("./src/local-false.ts");',
+  );
+  expect(entries.esm).not.toContain('require("./local-false")');
+
+  for (const request of ['e9', 'e10']) {
+    expect(entries.esm).toContain(
+      `module.exports = __rspack_createRequire_require("${request}");`,
+    );
   }
 
-  restore();
+  expect(entries.esm).toContain('const e11 = await import("e11");');
 });
 
 test('require ESM from CJS', async () => {
diff --git a/tests/integration/auto-external/module-import-warn/package.json b/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/package.json
similarity index 61%
rename from tests/integration/auto-external/module-import-warn/package.json
rename to tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/package.json
index 4318f2aeb..c9224f6ee 100644
--- a/tests/integration/auto-external/module-import-warn/package.json
+++ b/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/package.json
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 {
-  "name": "module-import-warn",
+  "name": "externals-modern-module-auto-external-test",
   "private": true,
   "type": "module",
   "dependencies": {
-    "lodash": "^4.18.1",
     "react": "^19.2.6"
   }
 }
diff --git a/tests/integration/auto-external/module-import-warn/rslib.config.ts b/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/rslib.config.ts
similarity index 71%
rename from tests/integration/auto-external/module-import-warn/rslib.config.ts
rename to tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/rslib.config.ts
index 438ac421c..bbec33c33 100644
--- a/tests/integration/auto-external/module-import-warn/rslib.config.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/rslib.config.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,13 @@ import { defineConfig } from '@rslib/core';
 import { generateBundleEsmConfig } from 'test-helper';
 
 export default defineConfig({
-  lib: [generateBundleEsmConfig()],
+  lib: [
+    generateBundleEsmConfig({
+      output: {
+        externals: { e9: 'e9' },
+      },
+    }),
+  ],
   source: {
     entry: {
       index: './src/index.ts',
@@ -16,12 +22,13 @@ export default defineConfig({
         e3: true,
         e4: ['commonjs e4'],
         e5: ['e5'],
-        'lodash/add': false,
-        'lodash/drop': 'commonjs lodash/drop',
+        './local-false': false,
         e8: ['module e8'],
       },
       /e6/,
       'e7',
+      /^e10$/,
+      'e11',
     ],
   },
 });
diff --git a/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/src/index.ts b/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/src/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec49030d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+/* rslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-require-imports */
+export const foo = async () => {
+  const React = require('react');
+  const e1 = require('e1');
+  const e2 = require('e2');
+  const e3 = require('e3');
+  const e4 = require('e4');
+  const e5 = require('e5');
+  const e6 = require('e6');
+  const e7 = require('e7');
+  const e8 = require('e8');
+  const e9 = require('e9');
+  const e10 = require('e10');
+  const e11 = await import('e11');
+  const localFalse = require('./local-false');
+  return (
+    React.version +
+    e1 +
+    e2 +
+    e3 +
+    e4 +
+    e5 +
+    e6 +
+    e7 +
+    e8 +
+    e9 +
+    e10 +
+    e11 +
+    localFalse.localFalse
+  );
+};
diff --git a/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/src/local-false.ts b/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/src/local-false.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c229e03fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/src/local-false.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const localFalse = 'local-false';
diff --git a/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/package.json b/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/package.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 767a6cb52..000000000
--- a/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/package.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-{
-  "name": "externals-module-import-warn-test",
-  "version": "1.0.0",
-  "private": true,
-  "type": "module"
-}
diff --git a/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/rslib.config.ts b/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/rslib.config.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index bcef068da..000000000
--- a/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/rslib.config.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-import { defineConfig } from '@rslib/core';
-import { generateBundleEsmConfig } from 'test-helper';
-
-export default defineConfig({
-  lib: [
-    generateBundleEsmConfig({
-      output: {
-        externals: { foo: 'foo' },
-      },
-    }),
-  ],
-  source: {
-    entry: {
-      index: './src/index.ts',
-    },
-  },
-  output: {
-    externals: ['bar', /^qux$/, 'quxx'],
-  },
-});
diff --git a/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/src/baz.ts b/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/src/baz.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index cc40a4649..000000000
--- a/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/src/baz.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-module.exports = () => {};
diff --git a/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/src/index.ts b/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/src/index.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index dee182a76..000000000
--- a/tests/integration/externals/module-import-warn/src/index.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-/* rslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-require-imports */
-export const baz = async () => {
-  const foo = require('foo');
-  const bar = require('bar');
-  const baz = require('./baz'); // not externalized
-  const qux = require('qux');
-  const quxx = await import('quxx');
-  foo();
-  bar();
-  baz();
-  qux();
-  quxx();
-};
diff --git a/tests/integration/externals/node/src/index.ts b/tests/integration/externals/node/src/index.ts
index 9d4941e84..19866f3ab 100644
--- a/tests/integration/externals/node/src/index.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/externals/node/src/index.ts
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ export const foo = async () => {
 
 export const bar = async () => {
   assert(React.version);
-  const barModule = require('bar'); // ESM: fallback to "module" when not specify externals type
+  const barModule = require('bar'); // ESM: follows modern-module externals type
   barModule();
 };
 
diff --git a/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx b/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
index 8624f321f..9e51f0f56 100644
--- a/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
@@ -85,6 +85,13 @@ At build time, prevent some `import` dependencies from being packed into bundles
 
 In bundle mode, Rslib will automatically add the dependencies listed in the `dependencies`, `optionalDependencies`, and `peerDependencies` fields of `package.json` to `output.externals`. See [lib.autoExternal](/config/lib/auto-external) for more information.
 
+In addition, Rslib sets the default Rspack `externalsType` based on the output format:
+
+- `esm`: [modern-module](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module). Static `import` externals are emitted as ESM imports, dynamic `import()` externals stay dynamic, and CommonJS `require()` externals are loaded through `createRequire`.
+- `cjs`: [commonjs-import](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypecommonjs-import).
+- `umd`: [umd](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstype).
+- `mf` / `iife`: [global](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypeglobal).
+
 :::note
 It is important to note that `output.externals` differs from [resolve.alias](/config/rsbuild/resolve#resolvealias). Check out [resolve.alias](/config/rsbuild/resolve#resolvealias) documentation for more information.
 :::
diff --git a/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx b/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
index 298bb8737..b4c40746f 100644
--- a/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
@@ -81,6 +81,13 @@ const defaultDistPath = {
 
 在 bundle 模式下，Rslib 会默认将 `package.json` 中 `dependencies`、`optionalDependencies` 和 `peerDependencies` 字段下的三方依赖添加到 `output.externals` 中, 查看 [lib.autoExternal](/config/lib/auto-external) 了解更多信息。
 
+此外，Rslib 会根据产物格式设置 Rspack 的 `externalsType` 默认值：
+
+- `esm`：[modern-module](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module)，静态 `import` 的 external 会被输出为 ESM import，动态 `import()` 会保持动态导入，而 CommonJS `require()` 的 external 会通过 `createRequire` 加载。
+- `cjs`：[commonjs-import](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypecommonjs-import)。
+- `umd`：[umd](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstype)。
+- `mf` / `iife`：[global](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypeglobal)。
+
 :::note
 需要注意的是，`output.externals` 与 [resolve.alias](/config/rsbuild/resolve#resolvealias) 有所不同。请查看 [resolve.alias](/config/rsbuild/resolve#resolvealias) 文档以了解更多信息。
 :::

From f296867fc742055f9ed536de405073f791ad1912 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Timeless0911 <1604889533@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 27 May 2026 13:42:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] fix(core): gate modern-module externals by target

---
 packages/core/src/config.ts                   |  9 +++-
 tests/integration/externals/index.test.ts     | 44 ++++++++++++++-----
 .../rslib.config.ts                           | 10 +++++
 website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx     |  5 ++-
 website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx     |  5 ++-
 5 files changed, 55 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/core/src/config.ts b/packages/core/src/config.ts
index c33156e6e..24c2d735c 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/config.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/config.ts
@@ -786,6 +786,7 @@ const composeShimsConfig = (
 
 const composeExternalsConfig = (
   format: Format,
+  target: RsbuildConfigOutputTarget,
   externals: NonNullable<EnvironmentConfig['output']>['externals'],
 ): EnvironmentConfig => {
   // TODO: Define the internal externals config in Rsbuild's externals instead
@@ -793,7 +794,7 @@ const composeExternalsConfig = (
   // should to be unified and merged together in the future.
 
   const externalsTypeMap: Record<Format, Rspack.ExternalsType> = {
-    esm: 'modern-module',
+    esm: target === 'node' ? 'modern-module' : 'module-import',
     cjs: 'commonjs-import',
     umd: 'umd',
     // If use 'var', when projects import an external package like '@pkg', this will cause a syntax error such as 'var pkg = @pkg'.
@@ -1634,7 +1635,11 @@ async function composeLibRsbuildConfig(
     hasExe ? false : externalHelpers,
     pkgJson,
   );
-  const userExternalsConfig = composeExternalsConfig(format, userExternals);
+  const userExternalsConfig = composeExternalsConfig(
+    format,
+    target,
+    userExternals,
+  );
   const {
     config: outputFilenameConfig,
     jsExtension,
diff --git a/tests/integration/externals/index.test.ts b/tests/integration/externals/index.test.ts
index bead8bf88..e56e49b29 100644
--- a/tests/integration/externals/index.test.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/externals/index.test.ts
@@ -106,42 +106,62 @@ test('should remap node built-ins with user externals', async () => {
   expect(typeof esmOutput.loadPathSep).toBe('function');
 });
 
-test('modern-module externals type', async () => {
+test('ESM externals type should follow output.target', async () => {
   const fixturePath = join(__dirname, 'modern-module-auto-external');
   const { entries } = await buildAndGetResults({ fixturePath });
+  const nodeOutput = entries.esm0!;
+  const webOutput = entries.esm1!;
 
-  expect(entries.esm).toContain(
+  expect(nodeOutput).toContain(
     'import { createRequire as __rspack_createRequire } from "node:module";',
   );
-  expect(entries.esm).toContain(
+  expect(nodeOutput).toContain(
     'const __rspack_createRequire_require = __rspack_createRequire(import.meta.url);',
   );
 
   for (const request of ['react', 'e2', 'e3', 'e5', 'e6', 'e7']) {
-    expect(entries.esm).toContain(
+    expect(nodeOutput).toContain(
       `module.exports = __rspack_createRequire_require("${request}");`,
     );
   }
 
   for (const request of ['e1', 'e4']) {
-    expect(entries.esm).toContain(`module.exports = require("${request}");`);
+    expect(nodeOutput).toContain(`module.exports = require("${request}");`);
   }
 
-  expect(entries.esm).toContain('import * as __rspack_external_e8 from "e8";');
-  expect(entries.esm).toContain('module.exports = __rspack_external_e8;');
-  expect(entries.esm).toContain('"./src/local-false.ts"');
-  expect(entries.esm).toContain(
+  expect(nodeOutput).toContain('import * as __rspack_external_e8 from "e8";');
+  expect(nodeOutput).toContain('module.exports = __rspack_external_e8;');
+  expect(nodeOutput).toContain('"./src/local-false.ts"');
+  expect(nodeOutput).toContain(
     'const localFalse = __webpack_require__("./src/local-false.ts");',
   );
-  expect(entries.esm).not.toContain('require("./local-false")');
+  expect(nodeOutput).not.toContain('require("./local-false")');
 
   for (const request of ['e9', 'e10']) {
-    expect(entries.esm).toContain(
+    expect(nodeOutput).toContain(
       `module.exports = __rspack_createRequire_require("${request}");`,
     );
   }
 
-  expect(entries.esm).toContain('const e11 = await import("e11");');
+  expect(nodeOutput).toContain('const e11 = await import("e11");');
+
+  expect(webOutput).not.toContain('node:module');
+  expect(webOutput).not.toContain('__rspack_createRequire');
+
+  for (const request of ['react', 'e2', 'e3', 'e5', 'e6', 'e7', 'e9', 'e10']) {
+    expect(webOutput).toContain(
+      `import * as __rspack_external_${request} from "${request}";`,
+    );
+    expect(webOutput).toContain(
+      `module.exports = __rspack_external_${request};`,
+    );
+  }
+
+  for (const request of ['e1', 'e4']) {
+    expect(webOutput).toContain(`module.exports = require("${request}");`);
+  }
+
+  expect(webOutput).toContain('const e11 = await import("e11");');
 });
 
 test('require ESM from CJS', async () => {
diff --git a/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/rslib.config.ts b/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/rslib.config.ts
index bbec33c33..e4d85676e 100644
--- a/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/rslib.config.ts
+++ b/tests/integration/externals/modern-module-auto-external/rslib.config.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,17 @@ import { generateBundleEsmConfig } from 'test-helper';
 export default defineConfig({
   lib: [
     generateBundleEsmConfig({
+      id: 'esm-node',
       output: {
+        distPath: './dist/esm-node',
+        externals: { e9: 'e9' },
+      },
+    }),
+    generateBundleEsmConfig({
+      id: 'esm-web',
+      output: {
+        target: 'web',
+        distPath: './dist/esm-web',
         externals: { e9: 'e9' },
       },
     }),
diff --git a/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx b/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
index 9e51f0f56..26306d4b4 100644
--- a/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
@@ -85,9 +85,10 @@ At build time, prevent some `import` dependencies from being packed into bundles
 
 In bundle mode, Rslib will automatically add the dependencies listed in the `dependencies`, `optionalDependencies`, and `peerDependencies` fields of `package.json` to `output.externals`. See [lib.autoExternal](/config/lib/auto-external) for more information.
 
-In addition, Rslib sets the default Rspack `externalsType` based on the output format:
+In addition, Rslib sets the default Rspack `externalsType` based on the output format and `output.target`:
 
-- `esm`: [modern-module](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module). Static `import` externals are emitted as ESM imports, dynamic `import()` externals stay dynamic, and CommonJS `require()` externals are loaded through `createRequire`.
+- `esm` with `output.target` set to `node` (default): [modern-module](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module). Static `import` externals are emitted as ESM imports, dynamic `import()` externals stay dynamic, and CommonJS `require()` externals are loaded through `createRequire`.
+- `esm` with `output.target` set to `web`: [module-import](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypemodule-import), preserving a safer external output for browser ESM bundles.
 - `cjs`: [commonjs-import](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypecommonjs-import).
 - `umd`: [umd](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstype).
 - `mf` / `iife`: [global](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypeglobal).
diff --git a/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx b/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
index b4c40746f..a3ded18cd 100644
--- a/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
@@ -81,9 +81,10 @@ const defaultDistPath = {
 
 在 bundle 模式下，Rslib 会默认将 `package.json` 中 `dependencies`、`optionalDependencies` 和 `peerDependencies` 字段下的三方依赖添加到 `output.externals` 中, 查看 [lib.autoExternal](/config/lib/auto-external) 了解更多信息。
 
-此外，Rslib 会根据产物格式设置 Rspack 的 `externalsType` 默认值：
+此外，Rslib 会根据产物格式和 `output.target` 设置 Rspack 的 `externalsType` 默认值：
 
-- `esm`：[modern-module](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module)，静态 `import` 的 external 会被输出为 ESM import，动态 `import()` 会保持动态导入，而 CommonJS `require()` 的 external 会通过 `createRequire` 加载。
+- `esm` 且 `output.target` 为 `node`（默认值）：[modern-module](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module)，静态 `import` 的 external 会被输出为 ESM import，动态 `import()` 会保持动态导入，而 CommonJS `require()` 的 external 会通过 `createRequire` 加载。
+- `esm` 且 `output.target` 为 `web`：[module-import](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypemodule-import)，保持对浏览器 ESM 产物更安全的 external 输出。
 - `cjs`：[commonjs-import](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypecommonjs-import)。
 - `umd`：[umd](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstype)。
 - `mf` / `iife`：[global](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypeglobal)。

From 28f0e839d0135f35660e40f025c3c99004288ed9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Timeless0911 <1604889533@qq.com>
Date: Wed, 27 May 2026 13:45:49 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] docs: link externals type references

---
 website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx | 2 +-
 website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx | 2 +-
 2 files changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx b/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
index 26306d4b4..41eed8912 100644
--- a/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ At build time, prevent some `import` dependencies from being packed into bundles
 
 In bundle mode, Rslib will automatically add the dependencies listed in the `dependencies`, `optionalDependencies`, and `peerDependencies` fields of `package.json` to `output.externals`. See [lib.autoExternal](/config/lib/auto-external) for more information.
 
-In addition, Rslib sets the default Rspack `externalsType` based on the output format and `output.target`:
+In addition, Rslib sets the default Rspack [`externalsType`](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstype) based on the output format and [`output.target`](#outputtarget):
 
 - `esm` with `output.target` set to `node` (default): [modern-module](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module). Static `import` externals are emitted as ESM imports, dynamic `import()` externals stay dynamic, and CommonJS `require()` externals are loaded through `createRequire`.
 - `esm` with `output.target` set to `web`: [module-import](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypemodule-import), preserving a safer external output for browser ESM bundles.
diff --git a/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx b/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
index a3ded18cd..852d3642e 100644
--- a/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ const defaultDistPath = {
 
 在 bundle 模式下，Rslib 会默认将 `package.json` 中 `dependencies`、`optionalDependencies` 和 `peerDependencies` 字段下的三方依赖添加到 `output.externals` 中, 查看 [lib.autoExternal](/config/lib/auto-external) 了解更多信息。
 
-此外，Rslib 会根据产物格式和 `output.target` 设置 Rspack 的 `externalsType` 默认值：
+此外，Rslib 会根据产物格式和 [`output.target`](#outputtarget) 设置 Rspack 的 [`externalsType`](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstype) 默认值：
 
 - `esm` 且 `output.target` 为 `node`（默认值）：[modern-module](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module)，静态 `import` 的 external 会被输出为 ESM import，动态 `import()` 会保持动态导入，而 CommonJS `require()` 的 external 会通过 `createRequire` 加载。
 - `esm` 且 `output.target` 为 `web`：[module-import](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypemodule-import)，保持对浏览器 ESM 产物更安全的 external 输出。

From 7baca3eb91eeaf41f903a35a6cf0b1ef18c0ca66 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Timeless0911 <1604889533@qq.com>
Date: Fri, 29 May 2026 13:58:23 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] fix(core): use modern-module for all esm externals

---
 packages/core/src/config.ts               | 9 ++-------
 website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx | 5 ++---
 website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx | 5 ++---
 3 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/core/src/config.ts b/packages/core/src/config.ts
index 24c2d735c..c33156e6e 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/config.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/config.ts
@@ -786,7 +786,6 @@ const composeShimsConfig = (
 
 const composeExternalsConfig = (
   format: Format,
-  target: RsbuildConfigOutputTarget,
   externals: NonNullable<EnvironmentConfig['output']>['externals'],
 ): EnvironmentConfig => {
   // TODO: Define the internal externals config in Rsbuild's externals instead
@@ -794,7 +793,7 @@ const composeExternalsConfig = (
   // should to be unified and merged together in the future.
 
   const externalsTypeMap: Record<Format, Rspack.ExternalsType> = {
-    esm: target === 'node' ? 'modern-module' : 'module-import',
+    esm: 'modern-module',
     cjs: 'commonjs-import',
     umd: 'umd',
     // If use 'var', when projects import an external package like '@pkg', this will cause a syntax error such as 'var pkg = @pkg'.
@@ -1635,11 +1634,7 @@ async function composeLibRsbuildConfig(
     hasExe ? false : externalHelpers,
     pkgJson,
   );
-  const userExternalsConfig = composeExternalsConfig(
-    format,
-    target,
-    userExternals,
-  );
+  const userExternalsConfig = composeExternalsConfig(format, userExternals);
   const {
     config: outputFilenameConfig,
     jsExtension,
diff --git a/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx b/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
index 41eed8912..ee5ae26ca 100644
--- a/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/en/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
@@ -85,10 +85,9 @@ At build time, prevent some `import` dependencies from being packed into bundles
 
 In bundle mode, Rslib will automatically add the dependencies listed in the `dependencies`, `optionalDependencies`, and `peerDependencies` fields of `package.json` to `output.externals`. See [lib.autoExternal](/config/lib/auto-external) for more information.
 
-In addition, Rslib sets the default Rspack [`externalsType`](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstype) based on the output format and [`output.target`](#outputtarget):
+In addition, Rslib sets the default Rspack [`externalsType`](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstype) based on the output format:
 
-- `esm` with `output.target` set to `node` (default): [modern-module](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module). Static `import` externals are emitted as ESM imports, dynamic `import()` externals stay dynamic, and CommonJS `require()` externals are loaded through `createRequire`.
-- `esm` with `output.target` set to `web`: [module-import](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypemodule-import), preserving a safer external output for browser ESM bundles.
+- `esm`: [modern-module](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module). Static `import` externals are emitted as ESM imports, and dynamic `import()` externals stay dynamic. CommonJS `require()` externals load through `createRequire` for Node-like [`output.target`](#outputtarget) values, while other targets preserve a bare `require()` call.
 - `cjs`: [commonjs-import](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypecommonjs-import).
 - `umd`: [umd](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstype).
 - `mf` / `iife`: [global](https://rspack.rs/config/externals#externalstypeglobal).
diff --git a/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx b/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
index 852d3642e..0f96151e3 100644
--- a/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
+++ b/website/docs/zh/config/rsbuild/output.mdx
@@ -81,10 +81,9 @@ const defaultDistPath = {
 
 在 bundle 模式下，Rslib 会默认将 `package.json` 中 `dependencies`、`optionalDependencies` 和 `peerDependencies` 字段下的三方依赖添加到 `output.externals` 中, 查看 [lib.autoExternal](/config/lib/auto-external) 了解更多信息。
 
-此外，Rslib 会根据产物格式和 [`output.target`](#outputtarget) 设置 Rspack 的 [`externalsType`](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstype) 默认值：
+此外，Rslib 会根据产物格式设置 Rspack 的 [`externalsType`](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstype) 默认值：
 
-- `esm` 且 `output.target` 为 `node`（默认值）：[modern-module](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module)，静态 `import` 的 external 会被输出为 ESM import，动态 `import()` 会保持动态导入，而 CommonJS `require()` 的 external 会通过 `createRequire` 加载。
-- `esm` 且 `output.target` 为 `web`：[module-import](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypemodule-import)，保持对浏览器 ESM 产物更安全的 external 输出。
+- `esm`：[modern-module](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypemodern-module)，静态 `import` 的 external 会被输出为 ESM import，动态 `import()` 会保持动态导入；CommonJS `require()` 的 external 在 Node-like [`output.target`](#outputtarget) 下会通过 `createRequire` 加载，在其他 target 下会保留裸 `require()` 调用。
 - `cjs`：[commonjs-import](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypecommonjs-import)。
 - `umd`：[umd](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstype)。
 - `mf` / `iife`：[global](https://rspack.rs/zh/config/externals#externalstypeglobal)。