diff --git a/.changeset/funny-turkeys-switch.md b/.changeset/funny-turkeys-switch.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3891446eb64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/funny-turkeys-switch.md
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+---
+'@modern-js/runtime': patch
+---
+
+fix(plugin-runtime): fix document CLI compatibility with ESM lib format
+
+fix(plugin-runtime): 修复 document CLI 在 ESM 构建格式下的兼容性问题
diff --git a/packages/runtime/plugin-runtime/src/document/cli/index.ts b/packages/runtime/plugin-runtime/src/document/cli/index.ts
index 0c4cf13459d..ff4852b329b 100644
--- a/packages/runtime/plugin-runtime/src/document/cli/index.ts
+++ b/packages/runtime/plugin-runtime/src/document/cli/index.ts
@@ -181,7 +181,12 @@ const processCommentPlaceholders = (html: string): string => {
 
 // load CommonJS module from code string (evaluated in Node), returns exports
 const requireFromString = (code: string, filename: string) => {
-  const m = new Module.Module(filename, module.parent as Module);
+  const m = new Module.Module(
+    filename,
+    process.env.MODERN_LIB_FORMAT === 'esm'
+      ? undefined
+      : (module.parent as Module),
+  );
   m.filename = filename;
   // set proper resolution paths for nested requires
   // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment
@@ -269,10 +274,14 @@ const applyExternalsPlugin = (child: Compiler, compiler: Compiler) => {
 };
 
 const generateEntryCode = (docPath: string, _entryName: string): string => {
-  const runtimeAPI = require.resolve('../');
-  const esmRuntimeAPI = runtimeAPI
-    .replace(`cjs`, `esm`)
-    .replace(/.js$/, '.mjs');
+  const runtimeAPI =
+    process.env.MODERN_LIB_FORMAT === 'esm'
+      ? // @ts-ignore
+        import.meta.resolve('../index.mjs')
+      : require.resolve('../');
+  const esmRuntimeAPI = runtimeAPI.endsWith('.mjs')
+    ? runtimeAPI
+    : runtimeAPI.replace(`cjs`, `esm`).replace(/\.js$/, '.mjs');
 
   return `import React from 'react';
 import ReactDomServer from 'react-dom/server';