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.. _protocol-ref-constants:

Protocol Constants

This page provides a comprehensive reference for all constants, limits, and default values defined in the Dash Platform Protocol implementation (rs-dpp).

System Limits

Maximum sizes and limits for various platform components.

Limit Value Description Source
Max contract size 16,384 bytes (16 KiB) Maximum serialized data contract rs-platform-version
Max field value size 5,120 bytes (5 KiB) Maximum single field value rs-platform-version
Max state transition size 20,480 bytes (20 KiB) Maximum serialized state transition rs-platform-version
Max transitions in documents batch 1 Maximum document transitions per batch rs-platform-version
Withdrawals per block 4 Maximum withdrawal transactions per block rs-platform-version
Retry signing expired withdrawals per block 1 Max expired withdrawal retries per block rs-platform-version
Max withdrawal amount 50,000,000,000,000 credits 500 Dash maximum per withdrawal rs-platform-version
Max contract group size 256 Maximum members per group rs-platform-version
Max token redemption cycles 128 Maximum redemption cycles rs-platform-version
Max shielded transition actions 16 Maximum actions per shielded transition rs-platform-version
Max CBOR encoded length 16,384 bytes (16 KiB) Maximum CBOR encoding size rs-dpp
Contract deserialization limit 15,000 Maximum contract deserialization rs-dpp

Credit System

Credits are the unit of account for fees on Dash Platform. They are created from Dash locked on the Core blockchain.

Constant Value Description Source
CREDITS_PER_DUFF 1,000 Credits created per duff (satoshi) rs-dpp
MAX_CREDITS 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 Maximum credit value (i64::MAX) rs-dpp

Conversion: 1 Dash = 100,000,000 duffs = 100,000,000,000 credits

Protocol Fees

Base Processing

These constants define the base costs for state transition processing.

Constant Value (Credits) Description Source
BASE_ST_PROCESSING_FEE 10,000 Base state transition processing fee rs-dpp
DEFAULT_USER_TIP 0 Default priority tip rs-dpp
STORAGE_CREDIT_PER_BYTE 5,000 Storage cost per byte rs-dpp
PROCESSING_CREDIT_PER_BYTE 12 Processing cost per byte rs-dpp
DELETE_BASE_PROCESSING_COST 2,000 Base deletion cost rs-dpp
READ_BASE_PROCESSING_COST 8,400 Base read cost rs-dpp
WRITE_BASE_PROCESSING_COST 6,000 Base write cost rs-dpp

State Transition Pricing

These constants define minimum values required for a state transition to be considered valid.

State Transition Min Fee (Credits) Min Fee (Dash) Source
Credit Transfer 100,000 0.000001 rs-platform-version
Credit Transfer to Addresses 500,000 0.000005 rs-platform-version
Credit Withdrawal 400,000,000 0.004 rs-platform-version
Identity Update 100,000 0.000001 rs-platform-version
Document Batch (per sub-transition) 100,000 0.000001 rs-platform-version
Contract Create 100,000 0.000001 rs-platform-version
Contract Update 100,000 0.000001 rs-platform-version
Masternode Vote 100,000 0.000001 rs-platform-version
Address Credit Withdrawal 400,000,000 0.004 rs-platform-version
Address Funds Transfer (per input) 500,000 0.000005 rs-platform-version
Address Funds Transfer (per output) 6,000,000 0.00006 rs-platform-version
Identity Create (base) 2,000,000 0.00002 rs-platform-version
Identity Key (per key at creation) 6,500,000 0.000065 rs-platform-version
Identity TopUp (base) 500,000 0.000005 rs-platform-version

Execution and Resource Pricing

These fees meter execution and resource usage. They do not affect validity, but determine total cost.

Processing

Fees for specific operations during state transition processing.

Operation Fee (Credits) Source
Fetch identity balance 10,000 rs-platform-version
Fetch identity revision 9,000 rs-platform-version
Fetch identity balance and revision 15,000 rs-platform-version
Fetch identity key by ID 9,000 rs-platform-version
Fetch identity token balance 10,000 rs-platform-version
Fetch prefunded specialized balance 10,000 rs-platform-version
Fetch key with type, nonce and balance 12,000 rs-platform-version
Fetch single identity key 10,000 rs-platform-version
Network threshold signing 100,000,000 rs-platform-version
Validate key structure 50 rs-platform-version

Storage

Fees related to data storage operations.

Operation Fee (Credits) Source
Storage disk usage (per byte) 27,000 rs-platform-version
Storage processing (per byte) 400 rs-platform-version
Storage load (per byte) 20 rs-platform-version
Non-storage load (per byte) 10 rs-platform-version
Storage seek 2,000 rs-platform-version

Cryptographic Operations

Signature Verification

Fees for verifying different signature types.

Key Type Verification Fee (Credits) Source
ECDSA Secp256k1 15,000 rs-platform-version
BLS 12-381 300,000 rs-platform-version
ECDSA Hash160 15,500 rs-platform-version
BIP13 Script Hash 300,000 rs-platform-version
EdDSA 25519 Hash160 3,500 rs-platform-version
Hashing

Fees for cryptographic hash operations.

Operation Fee (Credits) Source
Single SHA256 (base) 100 rs-platform-version
Blake3 (base) 100 rs-platform-version
SHA256 + RIPEMD160 (base) 6,000 rs-platform-version
SHA256 (per block) 5,000 rs-platform-version
Blake3 (per block) 300 rs-platform-version
RIPEMD160 (per block) 5,000 rs-platform-version
Sinsemilla (base) 40,000 rs-platform-version

Data Contract Validation

Fees for validating data contract structure during state transition processing.

Fee Type Amount (Credits) Source
Document type base fee 500 rs-platform-version
Schema size fee (per byte) 10 rs-platform-version
Per property fee 40 rs-platform-version
Non-unique index base fee 50 rs-platform-version
Non-unique index per property fee 30 rs-platform-version
Unique index base fee 100 rs-platform-version
Unique index per property fee 60 rs-platform-version

Voting

Fees related to contested document voting.

Fee Type Amount (Credits) Amount (Dash) Source
Contested document vote resolution fund 20,000,000,000 0.2 rs-platform-version
Contested document unlock fund 400,000,000,000 4.0 rs-platform-version
Single vote cost 10,000,000 0.0001 rs-platform-version

Identity Model

Identity Limits

Limit Value Description Source
Max public keys per identity 15,000 Maximum keys an identity can have rs-dpp
Max keys in creation 6 Keys allowed at identity creation rs-platform-version
Identity nonce value filter 0xFFFFFFFFFF 40-bit nonce filter rs-dpp
Max missing identity revisions 24 Maximum revision gaps rs-dpp

Identity Create Fees

Requirement Value Description Source
Min asset lock balance 200,000 duffs 0.002 Dash minimum rs-platform-version
Min top-up balance 50,000 duffs 0.0005 Dash minimum rs-platform-version
Min address funding balance 50,000 duffs 0.0005 Dash minimum rs-platform-version
Min identity funding amount 200,000 credits Minimum for address-based creation rs-platform-version
Max asset-lock transaction inputs 100 Maximum Core inputs in an asset-lock transaction used to fund an identity or top-up (introduced in protocol v3 to prevent stuck funds; v1/v2 had no effective limit) rs-platform-version

Document & Data Contract Model

Document and Index Limits

Limit Value Description Source
Max indexed string length 63 characters Maximum indexable string rs-dpp
Max indexed byte array length 255 bytes Maximum indexable byte array rs-dpp
Max indexed array items 1,024 Maximum items in indexed array rs-dpp
Max index size 255 bytes Maximum total index size rs-dpp
Default hash size 32 bytes Standard hash size rs-dpp
Default float size 8 bytes Standard float size rs-dpp
Empty tree storage size 33 bytes Storage for empty tree rs-dpp
Storage flags size 2 bytes Size of storage flags rs-dpp

Data Contract Constants

Constant Value Description Source
Initial contract version 1 Starting version number rs-dpp

Data Contract Registration Fees

One-time fees for registering data contracts and their components.

Component Fee (Credits) Fee (Dash) Source
Base contract registration 10,000,000,000 0.1 rs-platform-version
Document type registration 2,000,000,000 0.02 rs-platform-version
Non-unique index registration 1,000,000,000 0.01 rs-platform-version
Unique index registration 1,000,000,000 0.01 rs-platform-version
Contested index registration 100,000,000,000 1.0 rs-platform-version
Token registration 10,000,000,000 0.1 rs-platform-version
Token perpetual distribution 10,000,000,000 0.1 rs-platform-version
Token pre-programmed distribution 10,000,000,000 0.1 rs-platform-version
Search keyword (per keyword) 10,000,000,000 0.1 rs-platform-version

Tokens

Tokens are defined within data contracts and share the same lifecycle, versioning, and validation model as documents.

Token Limits

Limit Value Description Source
Max token note length 2,048 bytes Maximum note/memo length rs-dpp

Token Distribution Function Limits

These limits apply to token perpetual distribution function parameters.

Parameter Min Max Source
MAX_DISTRIBUTION_PARAM 1 281,474,976,710,655 (2^48 - 1) rs-dpp
MAX_DISTRIBUTION_CYCLES_PARAM 1 32,767 (2^(63-48) - 1) rs-dpp
Linear slope A -255 256 rs-dpp
Polynomial M -8 8 rs-dpp
Polynomial N 0 32 rs-dpp
Polynomial A -255 256 rs-dpp
Log A -32,766 32,767 rs-dpp
Exponential A 1 256 rs-dpp
Exponential M -8 8 rs-dpp
Exponential N 0 32 rs-dpp
Default step decreasing max cycles 128 128 rs-dpp

Address System

:::{versionadded} 3.0.0 :::

Address Constants

Constant Value Description Source
Address hash size 20 bytes Size of address hash rs-dpp
Platform HRP (mainnet) "dash" Human-readable prefix rs-dpp
Platform HRP (non-mainnet) "tdash" Human-readable prefix used for testnet, devnet, and regtest rs-dpp
P2PKH address type (bech32m) 0xb0 (176) Pay-to-public-key-hash bech32m encoding type byte rs-dpp
P2SH address type (bech32m) 0x80 (128) Pay-to-script-hash bech32m encoding type byte rs-dpp

Transaction Limits

Limit Value Description Source
Min output amount 500,000 credits Minimum output per address rs-platform-version
Min input amount 100,000 credits Minimum input per address rs-platform-version
Max fee strategies 4 Maximum fee strategy steps rs-platform-version
Max address inputs 16 Maximum input addresses per address-based transition rs-platform-version
Max address outputs 128 Maximum output addresses per address-based transition rs-platform-version
Max asset lock transaction inputs 100 Maximum L1 transaction inputs in an asset lock proof rs-platform-version

Epoch and Time Constants

Constant Value Description Source
Genesis epoch index 0 First epoch number rs-dpp
Perpetual storage eras 50 Number of storage eras (~50 years) rs-dpp
Default epochs per era 40 Epochs in each era (~1 year) rs-dpp
Epoch key offset 256 Offset for epoch keys rs-dpp
Max epoch 65,279 Maximum epoch number (u16::MAX - 256) rs-dpp

Refund Constants

Constant Value Description Source
Min refund limit 32 bytes Minimum bytes for refund rs-dpp

Withdrawal Constants

Constant Value Description Source
Min withdrawal amount 190,000 credits ASSET_UNLOCK_TX_SIZE (190) × MIN_CORE_FEE_PER_BYTE (1) × CREDITS_PER_DUFF (1,000) rs-dpp
Min core fee per byte 1 Must be Fibonacci number rs-dpp