diff --git a/.changelog/5277.changed b/.changelog/5277.changed
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..65f01e79434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changelog/5277.changed
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Remove typing aliases deprecated in python 3.9 and replace all usages of `typing.Union` and `typing.Optional` with `|`.
diff --git a/codegen/opentelemetry-codegen-json/src/opentelemetry/codegen/json/generator.py b/codegen/opentelemetry-codegen-json/src/opentelemetry/codegen/json/generator.py
index 14c4a98ead7..b8be0355246 100644
--- a/codegen/opentelemetry-codegen-json/src/opentelemetry/codegen/json/generator.py
+++ b/codegen/opentelemetry-codegen-json/src/opentelemetry/codegen/json/generator.py
@@ -879,8 +879,8 @@ def _get_field_type_hint(
         if field_desc.label == descriptor.FieldDescriptorProto.LABEL_REPEATED:
             return f"builtins.list[{base_type}]"
         if field_desc.type == descriptor.FieldDescriptorProto.TYPE_ENUM:
-            return f"typing.Union[{base_type}, builtins.int, None]"
-        return f"typing.Optional[{base_type}]"
+            return f"{base_type} | builtins.int | None"
+        return f"{base_type} | None"
 
     def _resolve_message_type(self, type_name: str, proto_file: str) -> str:
         """
diff --git a/codegen/opentelemetry-codegen-json/src/opentelemetry/codegen/json/runtime/json_codec.py b/codegen/opentelemetry-codegen-json/src/opentelemetry/codegen/json/runtime/json_codec.py
index 0a6c7c71968..72c315d1eaa 100644
--- a/codegen/opentelemetry-codegen-json/src/opentelemetry/codegen/json/runtime/json_codec.py
+++ b/codegen/opentelemetry-codegen-json/src/opentelemetry/codegen/json/runtime/json_codec.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 import abc
 import base64
+import collections.abc
 import json
 import math
 import typing
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ def encode_float(value: float) -> float | str:
 
 def encode_repeated(
     values: list[T] | None,
-    map_fn: typing.Callable[[T], typing.Any],
+    map_fn: collections.abc.Callable[[T], typing.Any],
 ) -> list[typing.Any]:
     """
     Helper to serialize repeated fields with a mapping function.
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ def decode_float(value: float | int | str | None, field_name: str) -> float:
 
 def decode_repeated(
     values: list[typing.Any] | None,
-    item_parser: typing.Callable[[typing.Any], T],
+    item_parser: collections.abc.Callable[[typing.Any], T],
     field_name: str,
 ) -> list[T]:
     """
diff --git a/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/src/opentelemetry/exporter/otlp/proto/grpc/exporter.py b/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/src/opentelemetry/exporter/otlp/proto/grpc/exporter.py
index 60d26683695..f7fa0b8697d 100644
--- a/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/src/opentelemetry/exporter/otlp/proto/grpc/exporter.py
+++ b/exporter/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-proto-grpc/src/opentelemetry/exporter/otlp/proto/grpc/exporter.py
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
     NewType,
     Optional,
     TypeVar,
-    Union,
 )
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
diff --git a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/_events/__init__.py b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/_events/__init__.py
index 9c70b90dae8..e9e60f74f6d 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/_events/__init__.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/_events/__init__.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
 from logging import getLogger
 from os import environ
-from typing import Optional, cast
+from typing import cast
 
 from typing_extensions import deprecated
 
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ def __init__(
         timestamp: int | None = None,
         trace_id: int | None = None,
         span_id: int | None = None,
-        trace_flags: Optional["TraceFlags"] = None,
+        trace_flags: TraceFlags | None = None,
         body: AnyValue | None = None,
         severity_number: SeverityNumber | None = None,
         attributes: _ExtendedAttributes | None = None,
@@ -72,7 +74,7 @@ def __init__(
         self._attributes = attributes
 
     @abstractmethod
-    def emit(self, event: "Event") -> None:
+    def emit(self, event: Event) -> None:
         """Emits a :class:`Event` representing an event."""
 
 
@@ -244,7 +246,7 @@ def get_event_logger(
     schema_url: str | None = None,
     attributes: _ExtendedAttributes | None = None,
     event_logger_provider: EventLoggerProvider | None = None,
-) -> "EventLogger":
+) -> EventLogger:
     if event_logger_provider is None:
         event_logger_provider = get_event_logger_provider()
     return event_logger_provider.get_event_logger(
diff --git a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/_envcarrier.py b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/_envcarrier.py
index 6b651488c06..d76452ff625 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/_envcarrier.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/_envcarrier.py
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 
 import os
 import re
-import typing
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from collections.abc import Mapping, MutableMapping
 
 from opentelemetry.propagators.textmap import Getter, Setter
 
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ def _normalize_key(key: str) -> str:
     return result
 
 
-class EnvironmentGetter(Getter[typing.Mapping[str, str]]):
+class EnvironmentGetter(Getter[Mapping[str, str]]):
     """Getter implementation for extracting context and baggage from environment variables.
 
     EnvironmentGetter creates a normalized lookup from the current environment
@@ -39,9 +38,7 @@ def __init__(self):
             _normalize_key(k): v for k, v in os.environ.items()
         }
 
-    def get(
-        self, carrier: typing.Mapping[str, str], key: str
-    ) -> list[str] | None:
+    def get(self, carrier: Mapping[str, str], key: str) -> list[str] | None:
         """Get a value from the environment carrier for the given key.
 
         Args:
@@ -56,7 +53,7 @@ def get(
             return None
         return [val]
 
-    def keys(self, carrier: typing.Mapping[str, str]) -> list[str]:
+    def keys(self, carrier: Mapping[str, str]) -> list[str]:
         """Get all keys from the environment carrier.
 
         Args:
diff --git a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/composite.py b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/composite.py
index f6d864d8180..1d3c3912ee1 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/composite.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/composite.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+import collections.abc
 import logging
-import typing
 
 from typing_extensions import deprecated
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class CompositePropagator(textmap.TextMapPropagator):
     """
 
     def __init__(
-        self, propagators: typing.Sequence[textmap.TextMapPropagator]
+        self, propagators: collections.abc.Sequence[textmap.TextMapPropagator]
     ) -> None:
         self._propagators = propagators
 
diff --git a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/textmap.py b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/textmap.py
index de37e65ce0f..04f5fe86832 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/textmap.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/propagators/textmap.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 import abc
 import typing
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping, MutableMapping
 
 from opentelemetry.context.context import Context
 
@@ -59,9 +60,9 @@ def set(self, carrier: CarrierT, key: str, value: str) -> None:
         """
 
 
-class DefaultGetter(Getter[typing.Mapping[str, CarrierValT]]):
+class DefaultGetter(Getter[Mapping[str, CarrierValT]]):
     def get(
-        self, carrier: typing.Mapping[str, CarrierValT], key: str
+        self, carrier: Mapping[str, CarrierValT], key: str
     ) -> list[str] | None:
         """Getter implementation to retrieve a value from a dictionary.
 
@@ -74,11 +75,11 @@ def get(
         val = carrier.get(key, None)
         if val is None:
             return None
-        if isinstance(val, typing.Iterable) and not isinstance(val, str):
+        if isinstance(val, Iterable) and not isinstance(val, str):
             return list(val)
         return [val]
 
-    def keys(self, carrier: typing.Mapping[str, CarrierValT]) -> list[str]:
+    def keys(self, carrier: Mapping[str, CarrierValT]) -> list[str]:
         """Keys implementation that returns all keys from a dictionary."""
         return list(carrier.keys())
 
@@ -86,10 +87,10 @@ def keys(self, carrier: typing.Mapping[str, CarrierValT]) -> list[str]:
 default_getter: Getter[CarrierT] = DefaultGetter()  # type: ignore
 
 
-class DefaultSetter(Setter[typing.MutableMapping[str, CarrierValT]]):
+class DefaultSetter(Setter[MutableMapping[str, CarrierValT]]):
     def set(
         self,
-        carrier: typing.MutableMapping[str, CarrierValT],
+        carrier: MutableMapping[str, CarrierValT],
         key: str,
         value: CarrierValT,
     ) -> None:
diff --git a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/trace/span.py b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/trace/span.py
index 60befed6028..23a24f16782 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/trace/span.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-api/src/opentelemetry/trace/span.py
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import abc
 import logging
 import re
 import types as python_types
 import typing
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping, Sequence
 
 from opentelemetry.trace.status import Status, StatusCode
 from opentelemetry.util import types
@@ -70,7 +73,7 @@ def end(self, end_time: int | None = None) -> None:
         """
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
-    def get_span_context(self) -> "SpanContext":
+    def get_span_context(self) -> SpanContext:
         """Gets the span's SpanContext.
 
         Get an immutable, serializable identifier for this span that can be
@@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ def get_span_context(self) -> "SpanContext":
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def set_attributes(
-        self, attributes: typing.Mapping[str, types.AttributeValue]
+        self, attributes: Mapping[str, types.AttributeValue]
     ) -> None:
         """Sets Attributes.
 
@@ -122,7 +125,7 @@ def add_event(
 
     def add_link(  # pylint: disable=no-self-use
         self,
-        context: "SpanContext",
+        context: SpanContext,
         attributes: types.Attributes = None,
     ) -> None:
         """Adds a `Link`.
@@ -179,7 +182,7 @@ def record_exception(
     ) -> None:
         """Records an exception as a span event."""
 
-    def __enter__(self) -> "Span":
+    def __enter__(self) -> Span:
         """Invoked when `Span` is used as a context manager.
 
         Returns the `Span` itself.
@@ -217,7 +220,7 @@ class TraceFlags(int):
     RANDOM_TRACE_ID = 0x02
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_default(cls) -> "TraceFlags":
+    def get_default(cls) -> TraceFlags:
         return cls(cls.DEFAULT)
 
     @property
@@ -232,7 +235,7 @@ def random_trace_id(self) -> bool:
 DEFAULT_TRACE_OPTIONS = TraceFlags.get_default()
 
 
-class TraceState(typing.Mapping[str, str]):
+class TraceState(Mapping[str, str]):
     """A list of key-value pairs representing vendor-specific trace info.
 
     Keys and values are strings of up to 256 printable US-ASCII characters.
@@ -245,7 +248,7 @@ class TraceState(typing.Mapping[str, str]):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        entries: typing.Sequence[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
+        entries: Sequence[tuple[str, str]] | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self._dict = {}  # type: dict[str, str]
         if entries is None:
@@ -274,7 +277,7 @@ def __contains__(self, item: object) -> bool:
     def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> str:
         return self._dict[key]
 
-    def __iter__(self) -> typing.Iterator[str]:
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]:
         return iter(self._dict)
 
     def __len__(self) -> int:
@@ -287,7 +290,7 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
         ]
         return str(pairs)
 
-    def add(self, key: str, value: str) -> "TraceState":
+    def add(self, key: str, value: str) -> TraceState:
         """Adds a key-value pair to tracestate. The provided pair should
         adhere to w3c tracestate identifiers format.
 
@@ -318,7 +321,7 @@ def add(self, key: str, value: str) -> "TraceState":
         new_state = [(key, value)] + list(self._dict.items())
         return TraceState(new_state)
 
-    def update(self, key: str, value: str) -> "TraceState":
+    def update(self, key: str, value: str) -> TraceState:
         """Updates a key-value pair in tracestate. The provided pair should
         adhere to w3c tracestate identifiers format.
 
@@ -343,7 +346,7 @@ def update(self, key: str, value: str) -> "TraceState":
         new_state = [(key, value), *prev_state.items()]
         return TraceState(new_state)
 
-    def delete(self, key: str) -> "TraceState":
+    def delete(self, key: str) -> TraceState:
         """Deletes a key-value from tracestate.
 
         Args:
@@ -374,7 +377,7 @@ def to_header(self) -> str:
         return ",".join(key + "=" + value for key, value in self._dict.items())
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_header(cls, header_list: list[str]) -> "TraceState":
+    def from_header(cls, header_list: list[str]) -> TraceState:
         """Parses one or more w3c tracestate header into a TraceState.
 
         Args:
@@ -413,7 +416,7 @@ def from_header(cls, header_list: list[str]) -> "TraceState":
         return cls(list(pairs.items()))
 
     @classmethod
-    def get_default(cls) -> "TraceState":
+    def get_default(cls) -> TraceState:
         return cls()
 
     def keys(self) -> typing.KeysView[str]:
@@ -450,9 +453,9 @@ def __new__(
         trace_id: int,
         span_id: int,
         is_remote: bool,
-        trace_flags: typing.Optional["TraceFlags"] = DEFAULT_TRACE_OPTIONS,
-        trace_state: typing.Optional["TraceState"] = DEFAULT_TRACE_STATE,
-    ) -> "SpanContext":
+        trace_flags: TraceFlags | None = DEFAULT_TRACE_OPTIONS,
+        trace_state: TraceState | None = DEFAULT_TRACE_STATE,
+    ) -> SpanContext:
         if trace_flags is None:
             trace_flags = DEFAULT_TRACE_OPTIONS
         if trace_state is None:
@@ -470,7 +473,7 @@ def __new__(
 
     def __getnewargs__(
         self,
-    ) -> tuple[int, int, bool, "TraceFlags", "TraceState"]:
+    ) -> tuple[int, int, bool, TraceFlags, TraceState]:
         return (
             self.trace_id,
             self.span_id,
@@ -492,11 +495,11 @@ def is_remote(self) -> bool:
         return self[2]  # pylint: disable=unsubscriptable-object
 
     @property
-    def trace_flags(self) -> "TraceFlags":
+    def trace_flags(self) -> TraceFlags:
         return self[3]  # pylint: disable=unsubscriptable-object
 
     @property
-    def trace_state(self) -> "TraceState":
+    def trace_state(self) -> TraceState:
         return self[4]  # pylint: disable=unsubscriptable-object
 
     @property
@@ -523,10 +526,10 @@ class NonRecordingSpan(Span):
     All operations are no-op except context propagation.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, context: "SpanContext") -> None:
+    def __init__(self, context: SpanContext) -> None:
         self._context = context
 
-    def get_span_context(self) -> "SpanContext":
+    def get_span_context(self) -> SpanContext:
         return self._context
 
     def is_recording(self) -> bool:
@@ -536,7 +539,7 @@ def end(self, end_time: int | None = None) -> None:
         pass
 
     def set_attributes(
-        self, attributes: typing.Mapping[str, types.AttributeValue]
+        self, attributes: Mapping[str, types.AttributeValue]
     ) -> None:
         pass
 
@@ -553,7 +556,7 @@ def add_event(
 
     def add_link(
         self,
-        context: "SpanContext",
+        context: SpanContext,
         attributes: types.Attributes = None,
     ) -> None:
         pass
diff --git a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/_json_codec.py b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/_json_codec.py
index 0a6c7c71968..72c315d1eaa 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/_json_codec.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/_json_codec.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 import abc
 import base64
+import collections.abc
 import json
 import math
 import typing
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ def encode_float(value: float) -> float | str:
 
 def encode_repeated(
     values: list[T] | None,
-    map_fn: typing.Callable[[T], typing.Any],
+    map_fn: collections.abc.Callable[[T], typing.Any],
 ) -> list[typing.Any]:
     """
     Helper to serialize repeated fields with a mapping function.
@@ -207,7 +208,7 @@ def decode_float(value: float | int | str | None, field_name: str) -> float:
 
 def decode_repeated(
     values: list[typing.Any] | None,
-    item_parser: typing.Callable[[typing.Any], T],
+    item_parser: collections.abc.Callable[[typing.Any], T],
     field_name: str,
 ) -> list[T]:
     """
diff --git a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/logs/v1/logs_service.py b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/logs/v1/logs_service.py
index c385c366083..899c965fa3c 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/logs/v1/logs_service.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/logs/v1/logs_service.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class ExportLogsServiceResponse(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage
     Generated from protobuf message ExportLogsServiceResponse
     """
 
-    partial_success: typing.Optional[ExportLogsPartialSuccess] = None
+    partial_success: ExportLogsPartialSuccess | None = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ class ExportLogsPartialSuccess(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage)
     Generated from protobuf message ExportLogsPartialSuccess
     """
 
-    rejected_log_records: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    error_message: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    rejected_log_records: builtins.int | None = 0
+    error_message: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
diff --git a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/metrics/v1/metrics_service.py b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/metrics/v1/metrics_service.py
index 6478bc0e470..6537d1031f4 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/metrics/v1/metrics_service.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/metrics/v1/metrics_service.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class ExportMetricsServiceResponse(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMess
     Generated from protobuf message ExportMetricsServiceResponse
     """
 
-    partial_success: typing.Optional[ExportMetricsPartialSuccess] = None
+    partial_success: ExportMetricsPartialSuccess | None = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ class ExportMetricsPartialSuccess(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessa
     Generated from protobuf message ExportMetricsPartialSuccess
     """
 
-    rejected_data_points: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    error_message: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    rejected_data_points: builtins.int | None = 0
+    error_message: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
diff --git a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/profiles/v1development/profiles_service.py b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/profiles/v1development/profiles_service.py
index 6382389aa4e..faaaa6105c1 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/profiles/v1development/profiles_service.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/profiles/v1development/profiles_service.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class ExportProfilesServiceRequest(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMess
     """
 
     resource_profiles: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.profiles.v1development.profiles.ResourceProfiles] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    dictionary: typing.Optional[opentelemetry.proto_json.profiles.v1development.profiles.ProfilesDictionary] = None
+    dictionary: opentelemetry.proto_json.profiles.v1development.profiles.ProfilesDictionary | None = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class ExportProfilesServiceResponse(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMes
     Generated from protobuf message ExportProfilesServiceResponse
     """
 
-    partial_success: typing.Optional[ExportProfilesPartialSuccess] = None
+    partial_success: ExportProfilesPartialSuccess | None = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ class ExportProfilesPartialSuccess(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMess
     Generated from protobuf message ExportProfilesPartialSuccess
     """
 
-    rejected_profiles: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    error_message: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    rejected_profiles: builtins.int | None = 0
+    error_message: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
diff --git a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/trace/v1/trace_service.py b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/trace/v1/trace_service.py
index 7e93f58b931..27d3a1a1e0a 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/trace/v1/trace_service.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/collector/trace/v1/trace_service.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class ExportTraceServiceResponse(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessag
     Generated from protobuf message ExportTraceServiceResponse
     """
 
-    partial_success: typing.Optional[ExportTracePartialSuccess] = None
+    partial_success: ExportTracePartialSuccess | None = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -106,8 +106,8 @@ class ExportTracePartialSuccess(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage
     Generated from protobuf message ExportTracePartialSuccess
     """
 
-    rejected_spans: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    error_message: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    rejected_spans: builtins.int | None = 0
+    error_message: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
diff --git a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/common/v1/common.py b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/common/v1/common.py
index 173f315b3ea..6942227f98b 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/common/v1/common.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/common/v1/common.py
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ class AnyValue(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message AnyValue
     """
 
-    string_value: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = None
-    bool_value: typing.Optional[builtins.bool] = None
-    int_value: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = None
-    double_value: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = None
-    array_value: typing.Optional[ArrayValue] = None
-    kvlist_value: typing.Optional[KeyValueList] = None
-    bytes_value: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = None
-    string_value_strindex: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = None
+    string_value: builtins.str | None = None
+    bool_value: builtins.bool | None = None
+    int_value: builtins.int | None = None
+    double_value: builtins.float | None = None
+    array_value: ArrayValue | None = None
+    kvlist_value: KeyValueList | None = None
+    bytes_value: builtins.bytes | None = None
+    string_value_strindex: builtins.int | None = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -184,9 +184,9 @@ class KeyValue(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message KeyValue
     """
 
-    key: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
-    value: typing.Optional[AnyValue] = None
-    key_strindex: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    key: builtins.str | None = ""
+    value: AnyValue | None = None
+    key_strindex: builtins.int | None = 0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -237,10 +237,10 @@ class InstrumentationScope(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message InstrumentationScope
     """
 
-    name: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
-    version: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    name: builtins.str | None = ""
+    version: builtins.str | None = ""
     attributes: builtins.list[KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    dropped_attributes_count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    dropped_attributes_count: builtins.int | None = 0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -296,8 +296,8 @@ class EntityRef(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message EntityRef
     """
 
-    schema_url: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
-    type: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    schema_url: builtins.str | None = ""
+    type: builtins.str | None = ""
     id_keys: builtins.list[builtins.str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
     description_keys: builtins.list[builtins.str] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
 
diff --git a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/logs/v1/logs.py b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/logs/v1/logs.py
index 3a0bdb19c12..e978df472f3 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/logs/v1/logs.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/logs/v1/logs.py
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ class ResourceLogs(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message ResourceLogs
     """
 
-    resource: typing.Optional[opentelemetry.proto_json.resource.v1.resource.Resource] = None
+    resource: opentelemetry.proto_json.resource.v1.resource.Resource | None = None
     scope_logs: builtins.list[ScopeLogs] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    schema_url: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    schema_url: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -160,9 +160,9 @@ class ScopeLogs(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message ScopeLogs
     """
 
-    scope: typing.Optional[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.InstrumentationScope] = None
+    scope: opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.InstrumentationScope | None = None
     log_records: builtins.list[LogRecord] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    schema_url: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    schema_url: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -212,17 +212,17 @@ class LogRecord(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message LogRecord
     """
 
-    time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    observed_time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    severity_number: typing.Union[SeverityNumber, builtins.int, None] = 0
-    severity_text: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
-    body: typing.Optional[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.AnyValue] = None
+    time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    observed_time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    severity_number: SeverityNumber | builtins.int | None = 0
+    severity_text: builtins.str | None = ""
+    body: opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.AnyValue | None = None
     attributes: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    dropped_attributes_count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    flags: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    trace_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
-    span_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
-    event_name: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    dropped_attributes_count: builtins.int | None = 0
+    flags: builtins.int | None = 0
+    trace_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
+    span_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
+    event_name: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
diff --git a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/metrics/v1/metrics.py b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/metrics/v1/metrics.py
index 02ebfd6c0d1..a5f63651352 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/metrics/v1/metrics.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/metrics/v1/metrics.py
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ class ResourceMetrics(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message ResourceMetrics
     """
 
-    resource: typing.Optional[opentelemetry.proto_json.resource.v1.resource.Resource] = None
+    resource: opentelemetry.proto_json.resource.v1.resource.Resource | None = None
     scope_metrics: builtins.list[ScopeMetrics] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    schema_url: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    schema_url: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -138,9 +138,9 @@ class ScopeMetrics(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message ScopeMetrics
     """
 
-    scope: typing.Optional[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.InstrumentationScope] = None
+    scope: opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.InstrumentationScope | None = None
     metrics: builtins.list[Metric] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    schema_url: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    schema_url: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -190,14 +190,14 @@ class Metric(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message Metric
     """
 
-    name: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
-    description: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
-    unit: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
-    gauge: typing.Optional[Gauge] = None
-    sum: typing.Optional[Sum] = None
-    histogram: typing.Optional[Histogram] = None
-    exponential_histogram: typing.Optional[ExponentialHistogram] = None
-    summary: typing.Optional[Summary] = None
+    name: builtins.str | None = ""
+    description: builtins.str | None = ""
+    unit: builtins.str | None = ""
+    gauge: Gauge | None = None
+    sum: Sum | None = None
+    histogram: Histogram | None = None
+    exponential_histogram: ExponentialHistogram | None = None
+    summary: Summary | None = None
     metadata: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
@@ -316,8 +316,8 @@ class Sum(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     """
 
     data_points: builtins.list[NumberDataPoint] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    aggregation_temporality: typing.Union[AggregationTemporality, builtins.int, None] = 0
-    is_monotonic: typing.Optional[builtins.bool] = False
+    aggregation_temporality: AggregationTemporality | builtins.int | None = 0
+    is_monotonic: builtins.bool | None = False
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ class Histogram(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     """
 
     data_points: builtins.list[HistogramDataPoint] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    aggregation_temporality: typing.Union[AggregationTemporality, builtins.int, None] = 0
+    aggregation_temporality: AggregationTemporality | builtins.int | None = 0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ class ExponentialHistogram(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     """
 
     data_points: builtins.list[ExponentialHistogramDataPoint] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    aggregation_temporality: typing.Union[AggregationTemporality, builtins.int, None] = 0
+    aggregation_temporality: AggregationTemporality | builtins.int | None = 0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -504,12 +504,12 @@ class NumberDataPoint(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     """
 
     attributes: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    start_time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    as_double: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = None
-    as_int: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = None
+    start_time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    as_double: builtins.float | None = None
+    as_int: builtins.int | None = None
     exemplars: builtins.list[Exemplar] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    flags: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    flags: builtins.int | None = 0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -576,16 +576,16 @@ class HistogramDataPoint(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     """
 
     attributes: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    start_time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    sum: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = None
+    start_time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    count: builtins.int | None = 0
+    sum: builtins.float | None = None
     bucket_counts: builtins.list[builtins.int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
     explicit_bounds: builtins.list[builtins.float] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
     exemplars: builtins.list[Exemplar] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    flags: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    min: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = None
-    max: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = None
+    flags: builtins.int | None = 0
+    min: builtins.float | None = None
+    max: builtins.float | None = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ class Buckets(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
         Generated from protobuf message Buckets
         """
 
-        offset: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+        offset: builtins.int | None = 0
         bucket_counts: builtins.list[builtins.int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
 
         def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
@@ -714,19 +714,19 @@ def from_dict(cls, data: builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]) -> "Exponentia
             return cls(**_args)
 
     attributes: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    start_time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    sum: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = None
-    scale: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    zero_count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    positive: typing.Optional[ExponentialHistogramDataPoint.Buckets] = None
-    negative: typing.Optional[ExponentialHistogramDataPoint.Buckets] = None
-    flags: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    start_time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    count: builtins.int | None = 0
+    sum: builtins.float | None = None
+    scale: builtins.int | None = 0
+    zero_count: builtins.int | None = 0
+    positive: ExponentialHistogramDataPoint.Buckets | None = None
+    negative: ExponentialHistogramDataPoint.Buckets | None = None
+    flags: builtins.int | None = 0
     exemplars: builtins.list[Exemplar] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    min: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = None
-    max: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = None
-    zero_threshold: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = 0.0
+    min: builtins.float | None = None
+    max: builtins.float | None = None
+    zero_threshold: builtins.float | None = 0.0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -828,8 +828,8 @@ class ValueAtQuantile(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
         Generated from protobuf message ValueAtQuantile
         """
 
-        quantile: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = 0.0
-        value: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = 0.0
+        quantile: builtins.float | None = 0.0
+        value: builtins.float | None = 0.0
 
         def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
             """
@@ -867,12 +867,12 @@ def from_dict(cls, data: builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]) -> "SummaryDat
             return cls(**_args)
 
     attributes: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    start_time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    sum: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = 0.0
+    start_time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    count: builtins.int | None = 0
+    sum: builtins.float | None = 0.0
     quantile_values: builtins.list[SummaryDataPoint.ValueAtQuantile] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    flags: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    flags: builtins.int | None = 0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -939,11 +939,11 @@ class Exemplar(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     """
 
     filtered_attributes: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    as_double: typing.Optional[builtins.float] = None
-    as_int: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = None
-    span_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
-    trace_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
+    time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    as_double: builtins.float | None = None
+    as_int: builtins.int | None = None
+    span_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
+    trace_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
diff --git a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/profiles/v1development/profiles.py b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/profiles/v1development/profiles.py
index 153f5e45873..3d3bd90d22f 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/profiles/v1development/profiles.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/profiles/v1development/profiles.py
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class ProfilesData(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     """
 
     resource_profiles: builtins.list[ResourceProfiles] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    dictionary: typing.Optional[ProfilesDictionary] = None
+    dictionary: ProfilesDictionary | None = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -142,9 +142,9 @@ class ResourceProfiles(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message ResourceProfiles
     """
 
-    resource: typing.Optional[opentelemetry.proto_json.resource.v1.resource.Resource] = None
+    resource: opentelemetry.proto_json.resource.v1.resource.Resource | None = None
     scope_profiles: builtins.list[ScopeProfiles] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    schema_url: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    schema_url: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -194,9 +194,9 @@ class ScopeProfiles(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message ScopeProfiles
     """
 
-    scope: typing.Optional[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.InstrumentationScope] = None
+    scope: opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.InstrumentationScope | None = None
     profiles: builtins.list[Profile] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    schema_url: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    schema_url: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -246,16 +246,16 @@ class Profile(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message Profile
     """
 
-    sample_type: typing.Optional[ValueType] = None
+    sample_type: ValueType | None = None
     samples: builtins.list[Sample] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    duration_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    period_type: typing.Optional[ValueType] = None
-    period: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    profile_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
-    dropped_attributes_count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    original_payload_format: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
-    original_payload: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
+    time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    duration_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    period_type: ValueType | None = None
+    period: builtins.int | None = 0
+    profile_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
+    dropped_attributes_count: builtins.int | None = 0
+    original_payload_format: builtins.str | None = ""
+    original_payload: builtins.bytes | None = b""
     attribute_indices: builtins.list[builtins.int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
@@ -339,8 +339,8 @@ class Link(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message Link
     """
 
-    trace_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
-    span_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
+    trace_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
+    span_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -385,8 +385,8 @@ class ValueType(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message ValueType
     """
 
-    type_strindex: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    unit_strindex: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    type_strindex: builtins.int | None = 0
+    unit_strindex: builtins.int | None = 0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -433,9 +433,9 @@ class Sample(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message Sample
     """
 
-    stack_index: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    stack_index: builtins.int | None = 0
     attribute_indices: builtins.list[builtins.int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    link_index: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    link_index: builtins.int | None = 0
     values: builtins.list[builtins.int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
     timestamps_unix_nano: builtins.list[builtins.int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
 
@@ -496,10 +496,10 @@ class Mapping(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message Mapping
     """
 
-    memory_start: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    memory_limit: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    file_offset: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    filename_strindex: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    memory_start: builtins.int | None = 0
+    memory_limit: builtins.int | None = 0
+    file_offset: builtins.int | None = 0
+    filename_strindex: builtins.int | None = 0
     attribute_indices: builtins.list[builtins.int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
@@ -599,8 +599,8 @@ class Location(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message Location
     """
 
-    mapping_index: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    address: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    mapping_index: builtins.int | None = 0
+    address: builtins.int | None = 0
     lines: builtins.list[Line] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
     attribute_indices: builtins.list[builtins.int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
 
@@ -656,9 +656,9 @@ class Line(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message Line
     """
 
-    function_index: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    line: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    column: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    function_index: builtins.int | None = 0
+    line: builtins.int | None = 0
+    column: builtins.int | None = 0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -708,10 +708,10 @@ class Function(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message Function
     """
 
-    name_strindex: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    system_name_strindex: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    filename_strindex: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    start_line: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    name_strindex: builtins.int | None = 0
+    system_name_strindex: builtins.int | None = 0
+    filename_strindex: builtins.int | None = 0
+    start_line: builtins.int | None = 0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -767,9 +767,9 @@ class KeyValueAndUnit(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message KeyValueAndUnit
     """
 
-    key_strindex: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    value: typing.Optional[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.AnyValue] = None
-    unit_strindex: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    key_strindex: builtins.int | None = 0
+    value: opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.AnyValue | None = None
+    unit_strindex: builtins.int | None = 0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
diff --git a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/resource/v1/resource.py b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/resource/v1/resource.py
index 664a42ef121..3c76082759f 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/resource/v1/resource.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/resource/v1/resource.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class Resource(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     """
 
     attributes: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    dropped_attributes_count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    dropped_attributes_count: builtins.int | None = 0
     entity_refs: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.EntityRef] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
diff --git a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/trace/v1/trace.py b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/trace/v1/trace.py
index 5afa5a66ac9..16112213715 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/trace/v1/trace.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-proto-json/src/opentelemetry/proto_json/trace/v1/trace.py
@@ -78,9 +78,9 @@ class ResourceSpans(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message ResourceSpans
     """
 
-    resource: typing.Optional[opentelemetry.proto_json.resource.v1.resource.Resource] = None
+    resource: opentelemetry.proto_json.resource.v1.resource.Resource | None = None
     scope_spans: builtins.list[ScopeSpans] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    schema_url: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    schema_url: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -130,9 +130,9 @@ class ScopeSpans(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
     Generated from protobuf message ScopeSpans
     """
 
-    scope: typing.Optional[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.InstrumentationScope] = None
+    scope: opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.InstrumentationScope | None = None
     spans: builtins.list[Span] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    schema_url: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+    schema_url: builtins.str | None = ""
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -202,10 +202,10 @@ class Event(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
         Generated from protobuf message Event
         """
 
-        time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-        name: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+        time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+        name: builtins.str | None = ""
         attributes: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-        dropped_attributes_count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+        dropped_attributes_count: builtins.int | None = 0
 
         def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
             """
@@ -259,12 +259,12 @@ class Link(opentelemetry.proto_json._json_codec.JsonMessage):
         Generated from protobuf message Link
         """
 
-        trace_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
-        span_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
-        trace_state: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
+        trace_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
+        span_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
+        trace_state: builtins.str | None = ""
         attributes: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-        dropped_attributes_count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-        flags: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+        dropped_attributes_count: builtins.int | None = 0
+        flags: builtins.int | None = 0
 
         def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
             """
@@ -320,22 +320,22 @@ def from_dict(cls, data: builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]) -> "Span.Link"
 
             return cls(**_args)
 
-    trace_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
-    span_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
-    trace_state: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
-    parent_span_id: typing.Optional[builtins.bytes] = b""
-    flags: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    name: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
-    kind: typing.Union[Span.SpanKind, builtins.int, None] = 0
-    start_time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    end_time_unix_nano: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    trace_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
+    span_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
+    trace_state: builtins.str | None = ""
+    parent_span_id: builtins.bytes | None = b""
+    flags: builtins.int | None = 0
+    name: builtins.str | None = ""
+    kind: Span.SpanKind | builtins.int | None = 0
+    start_time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
+    end_time_unix_nano: builtins.int | None = 0
     attributes: builtins.list[opentelemetry.proto_json.common.v1.common.KeyValue] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    dropped_attributes_count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    dropped_attributes_count: builtins.int | None = 0
     events: builtins.list[Span.Event] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    dropped_events_count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
+    dropped_events_count: builtins.int | None = 0
     links: builtins.list[Span.Link] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=builtins.list)
-    dropped_links_count: typing.Optional[builtins.int] = 0
-    status: typing.Optional[Status] = None
+    dropped_links_count: builtins.int | None = 0
+    status: Status | None = None
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
@@ -453,8 +453,8 @@ class StatusCode(enum.IntEnum):
         STATUS_CODE_OK = 1
         STATUS_CODE_ERROR = 2
 
-    message: typing.Optional[builtins.str] = ""
-    code: typing.Union[Status.StatusCode, builtins.int, None] = 0
+    message: builtins.str | None = ""
+    code: Status.StatusCode | builtins.int | None = 0
 
     def to_dict(self) -> builtins.dict[builtins.str, typing.Any]:
         """
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/__init__.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/__init__.py
index b6b1ce88f69..74b759c328c 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/__init__.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/__init__.py
@@ -11,16 +11,13 @@
 import threading
 import traceback
 import warnings
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 from os import environ
 from threading import Lock
 from time import time_ns
 from typing import (  # noqa
     Any,
-    Callable,
-    Sequence,
-    Tuple,
-    Union,
     cast,
     overload,
 )
@@ -381,7 +378,7 @@ class SynchronousMultiLogRecordProcessor(LogRecordProcessor):
     def __init__(self):
         # use a tuple to avoid race conditions when adding a new log and
         # iterating through it on "emit".
-        self._log_record_processors = ()  # type: Tuple[LogRecordProcessor, ...]
+        self._log_record_processors = ()  # type: tuple[LogRecordProcessor, ...]
         self._lock = threading.Lock()
 
     def add_log_record_processor(
@@ -441,7 +438,7 @@ class ConcurrentMultiLogRecordProcessor(LogRecordProcessor):
     def __init__(self, max_workers: int = 2):
         # use a tuple to avoid race conditions when adding a new log and
         # iterating through it on "emit".
-        self._log_record_processors = ()  # type: Tuple[LogRecordProcessor, ...]
+        self._log_record_processors = ()  # type: tuple[LogRecordProcessor, ...]
         self._lock = threading.Lock()
         self._executor = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(
             max_workers=max_workers
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/export/in_memory_log_exporter.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/export/in_memory_log_exporter.py
index 1f793745458..d67e9470c6b 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/export/in_memory_log_exporter.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/_logs/_internal/export/in_memory_log_exporter.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+import collections.abc
 import threading
-import typing
 
 from typing_extensions import deprecated
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def get_finished_logs(self) -> tuple[ReadableLogRecord, ...]:
             return tuple(self._logs)
 
     def export(
-        self, batch: typing.Sequence[ReadableLogRecord]
+        self, batch: collections.abc.Sequence[ReadableLogRecord]
     ) -> LogRecordExportResult:
         if self._stopped:
             return LogRecordExportResult.FAILURE
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/resources/__init__.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/resources/__init__.py
index 6585741a58f..09120f71498 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/resources/__init__.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/resources/__init__.py
@@ -56,9 +56,8 @@
 import socket
 import sys
 import threading
-import typing
 import uuid
-from collections.abc import Sequence
+from collections.abc import Mapping, Sequence
 from json import dumps
 from os import environ
 from types import ModuleType
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@
     pass
 
 LabelValue = AttributeValue
-Attributes = typing.Mapping[str, LabelValue]
+Attributes = Mapping[str, LabelValue]
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 CLOUD_PROVIDER = ResourceAttributes.CLOUD_PROVIDER
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/__init__.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/__init__.py
index d1477843812..067fb3ded32 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/__init__.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/__init__.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import collections.abc
 import logging
 import sys
 import typing
@@ -63,7 +64,9 @@ class SpanExporter:
     `SimpleSpanProcessor` or a `BatchSpanProcessor`.
     """
 
-    def export(self, spans: typing.Sequence[ReadableSpan]) -> SpanExportResult:  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
+    def export(
+        self, spans: collections.abc.Sequence[ReadableSpan]
+    ) -> SpanExportResult:  # pyright: ignore[reportReturnType]
         """Exports a batch of telemetry data.
 
         Args:
@@ -328,15 +331,17 @@ def __init__(
         self,
         service_name: str | None = None,
         out: typing.IO = sys.stdout,
-        formatter: typing.Callable[[ReadableSpan], str] = lambda span: (
-            span.to_json() + linesep
-        ),
+        formatter: collections.abc.Callable[
+            [ReadableSpan], str
+        ] = lambda span: (span.to_json() + linesep),
     ):
         self.out = out
         self.formatter = formatter
         self.service_name = service_name
 
-    def export(self, spans: typing.Sequence[ReadableSpan]) -> SpanExportResult:
+    def export(
+        self, spans: collections.abc.Sequence[ReadableSpan]
+    ) -> SpanExportResult:
         for span in spans:
             self.out.write(self.formatter(span))
         self.out.flush()
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/in_memory_span_exporter.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/in_memory_span_exporter.py
index 25a66294659..ec64e7372f6 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/in_memory_span_exporter.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/export/in_memory_span_exporter.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+import collections.abc
 import threading
-import typing
 
 from opentelemetry.sdk.trace import ReadableSpan
 from opentelemetry.sdk.trace.export import SpanExporter, SpanExportResult
@@ -31,7 +31,9 @@ def get_finished_spans(self) -> tuple[ReadableSpan, ...]:
         with self._lock:
             return tuple(self._finished_spans)
 
-    def export(self, spans: typing.Sequence[ReadableSpan]) -> SpanExportResult:
+    def export(
+        self, spans: collections.abc.Sequence[ReadableSpan]
+    ) -> SpanExportResult:
         """Stores a list of spans in memory."""
         if self._stopped:
             return SpanExportResult.FAILURE
diff --git a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/sampling.py b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/sampling.py
index 27cd4a0d620..1652220dfc9 100644
--- a/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/sampling.py
+++ b/opentelemetry-sdk/src/opentelemetry/sdk/trace/sampling.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
+
 """
 For general information about sampling, see `the specification <https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/main/specification/trace/sdk.md#sampling>`_.
 
@@ -121,13 +122,14 @@ def get_sampler(sampler_argument):
 above sampler, set ``OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER=custom_sampler_name`` and ``OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG=0.5``.
 """
 
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import abc
 import enum
 import os
 from collections.abc import Sequence
 from logging import getLogger
 from types import MappingProxyType
-from typing import Optional
 
 # pylint: disable=unused-import
 from opentelemetry.context import Context
@@ -174,8 +176,8 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
     def __init__(
         self,
         decision: Decision,
-        attributes: "Attributes" = None,
-        trace_state: Optional["TraceState"] = None,
+        attributes: Attributes = None,
+        trace_state: TraceState | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.decision = decision
         if attributes is None:
@@ -189,14 +191,14 @@ class Sampler(abc.ABC):
     @abc.abstractmethod
     def should_sample(
         self,
-        parent_context: Optional["Context"],
+        parent_context: Context | None,
         trace_id: int,
         name: str,
         kind: SpanKind | None = None,
         attributes: Attributes = None,
-        links: Sequence["Link"] | None = None,
-        trace_state: Optional["TraceState"] = None,
-    ) -> "SamplingResult":
+        links: Sequence[Link] | None = None,
+        trace_state: TraceState | None = None,
+    ) -> SamplingResult:
         pass
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
@@ -207,19 +209,19 @@ def get_description(self) -> str:
 class StaticSampler(Sampler):
     """Sampler that always returns the same decision."""
 
-    def __init__(self, decision: "Decision") -> None:
+    def __init__(self, decision: Decision) -> None:
         self._decision = decision
 
     def should_sample(
         self,
-        parent_context: Optional["Context"],
+        parent_context: Context | None,
         trace_id: int,
         name: str,
         kind: SpanKind | None = None,
         attributes: Attributes = None,
-        links: Sequence["Link"] | None = None,
-        trace_state: Optional["TraceState"] = None,
-    ) -> "SamplingResult":
+        links: Sequence[Link] | None = None,
+        trace_state: TraceState | None = None,
+    ) -> SamplingResult:
         if self._decision is Decision.DROP:
             attributes = None
         return SamplingResult(
@@ -273,14 +275,14 @@ def bound(self) -> int:
 
     def should_sample(
         self,
-        parent_context: Optional["Context"],
+        parent_context: Context | None,
         trace_id: int,
         name: str,
         kind: SpanKind | None = None,
         attributes: Attributes = None,
-        links: Sequence["Link"] | None = None,
-        trace_state: Optional["TraceState"] = None,
-    ) -> "SamplingResult":
+        links: Sequence[Link] | None = None,
+        trace_state: TraceState | None = None,
+    ) -> SamplingResult:
         decision = Decision.DROP
         if trace_id & self.TRACE_ID_LIMIT < self.bound:
             decision = Decision.RECORD_AND_SAMPLE
@@ -328,14 +330,14 @@ def __init__(
 
     def should_sample(
         self,
-        parent_context: Optional["Context"],
+        parent_context: Context | None,
         trace_id: int,
         name: str,
         kind: SpanKind | None = None,
         attributes: Attributes = None,
-        links: Sequence["Link"] | None = None,
-        trace_state: Optional["TraceState"] = None,
-    ) -> "SamplingResult":
+        links: Sequence[Link] | None = None,
+        trace_state: TraceState | None = None,
+    ) -> SamplingResult:
         parent_span_context = get_current_span(
             parent_context
         ).get_span_context()
@@ -436,7 +438,7 @@ def _get_from_env_or_default() -> Sampler:
 
 def _get_parent_trace_state(
     parent_context: Context | None,
-) -> Optional["TraceState"]:
+) -> TraceState | None:
     parent_span_context = get_current_span(parent_context).get_span_context()
     if parent_span_context is None or not parent_span_context.is_valid:
         return None
diff --git a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/opentelemetry/propagators/b3/__init__.py b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/opentelemetry/propagators/b3/__init__.py
index 3c4de0cbf0f..025a2b5dc5b 100644
--- a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/opentelemetry/propagators/b3/__init__.py
+++ b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-b3/src/opentelemetry/propagators/b3/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-import typing
+import collections.abc
 from re import compile as re_compile
 
 from typing_extensions import deprecated
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
 
 
 def _extract_first_element(
-    items: typing.Iterable[CarrierT],
+    items: collections.abc.Iterable[CarrierT],
 ) -> CarrierT | None:
     if items is None:
         return None
diff --git a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/opentelemetry/propagators/jaeger/__init__.py b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/opentelemetry/propagators/jaeger/__init__.py
index 52551695220..79bb1d89ea8 100644
--- a/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/opentelemetry/propagators/jaeger/__init__.py
+++ b/propagator/opentelemetry-propagator-jaeger/src/opentelemetry/propagators/jaeger/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
 
-import typing
+import collections.abc
 import urllib.parse
 
 from opentelemetry import baggage, trace
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ def _format_uber_trace_id(trace_id, span_id, parent_span_id, flags):
 
 
 def _extract_first_element(
-    items: typing.Iterable[CarrierT],
+    items: collections.abc.Iterable[CarrierT],
 ) -> CarrierT | None:
     if items is None:
         return None
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def _extract_first_element(
 
 
 def _parse_trace_id_header(
-    items: typing.Iterable[CarrierT],
+    items: collections.abc.Iterable[CarrierT],
 ) -> tuple[int]:
     invalid_header_result = (trace.INVALID_TRACE_ID, trace.INVALID_SPAN_ID, 0)