manual_input.csv

technology,parameter,year,value,unit,currency_year,source,further_description
distribution grid reinforcement,investment,2025,150,EUR/kW,2020,DEA - Technology Data Catalogue for el and DH - v17 - Page 15 - Paragraph 'Cost of grid expansion',"The costs of grid expansion from adding a new electricity generator or a new large consumer -  related to strengthening or expansion of the local grid and/or substations (voltage transformation, pumping or compression/expansion)"
distribution grid reinforcement,lifetime,2025,40,years,2020,same as 'electricity distribution grid',
distribution grid reinforcement,FOM,2025,2,%/year,2020,same as 'electricity distribution grid',
methanation,investment,2020,748,EUR/kW_CH4,2017,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",
methanation,lifetime,2020,20,years,2017,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants."
methanation,FOM,2020,3,%/year,2017,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",
methanation,hydrogen-input,0,1.282,MWh_H2/MWh_CH4,,,Based on ideal conversion process of stochiometric composition (1 t CH4 contains 750 kg of carbon).
methanation,carbondioxide-input,0,0.198,t_CO2/MWh_CH4,,"Götz et al. (2016): Renewable Power-to-Gas: A technological and economic review (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.066), Fig. 11 .",Additional H2 required for methanation process (2x H2 amount compared to stochiometric conversion).
methanation,investment,2030,654,EUR/kW_CH4,2017,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",
methanation,lifetime,2030,20,years,2017,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants."
methanation,FOM,2030,3,%/year,2017,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",
methanation,investment,2050,500,EUR/kW_CH4,2017,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), table 6: “Reference scenario”.",
methanation,lifetime,2050,20,years,2017,Guesstimate.,"Based on lifetime for methanolisation, Fischer-Tropsch plants."
methanation,FOM,2050,3,%/year,2017,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",
H2 (g) pipeline,investment,2020,363.08,EUR/MW/km,2023,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 4.4 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)"
H2 (g) pipeline,lifetime,2020,50,years,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413."
H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,2020,4,%/year,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413."
H2 (g) pipeline,FOM,2050,1.5,%/year,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, > 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline, incl. booster station investments. Considering LHV by scaling with LHV/HHV=0.8462623413."
H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,2020,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,2030,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,2050,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,investment,2020,154.79,EUR/MW/km,2023,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 0.8 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)"
H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,lifetime,2020,50,years,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.
H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,2020,4,%/year,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.
H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,FOM,2050,1.5,%/year,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.",Same as for new H2 (g) pipeline.
H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,2020,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,2030,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (g) pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,2050,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (g) fill compressor station,investment,2020,4478,EUR/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 164, Figure 14 (Fill compressor).","Assumption for staging 35→140bar, 6000 MW_HHV single line pipeline. Considering HHV/LHV ration for H2."
CO2 pipeline,investment,2020,2000,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch onshore pipeline.
CO2 pipeline,lifetime,2020,50,years,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",
CO2 pipeline,FOM,2020,0.9,%/year,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",
CO2 submarine pipeline,investment,2020,4000,EUR/(tCO2/h)/km,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",Assuming the 120-500 t CO2/h range that is based on cost of a 12 inch offshore pipeline.
CO2 submarine pipeline,FOM,2020,0.5,%/year,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (March 2021), Excel datasheet: 121 co2 pipeline.",
H2 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,2020,20,years,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), pg. 168, Figure 24 (Fill compressor).",
H2 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,2020,1.7,%/year,2020,"Guidehouse 2020: European Hydrogen Backbone report, https://guidehouse.com/-/media/www/site/downloads/energy/2020/gh_european-hydrogen-backbone_report.pdf (table 3, table 5)","Pessimistic (highest) value chosen for 48'' pipeline w/ 13GW_H2 LHV @ 100bar pressure. Currency year: Not clearly specified, assuming year of publication. Forecast year: Not clearly specified, guessing based on text remarks."
CH4 (g) pipeline,investment,2050,87.22,EUR/MW/km,2020,Guesstimate.,"Based on Arab Gas Pipeline: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Gas_Pipeline: cost = 1.2e9 $-US (year = ?), capacity=10.3e9 m^3/a NG, l=1200km, NG-LHV=39MJ/m^3*90% (also Wikipedia estimate from here https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion). Presumed to include booster station cost."
CH4 (g) pipeline,lifetime,2050,50,years,2020,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions."
CH4 (g) pipeline,FOM,2050,1.5,%/year,2020,Assume same as for H2 (g) pipeline in 2050 (CH4 pipeline as mature technology).,"Due to lack of numbers, use comparable H2 pipeline assumptions."
CH4 (g) pipeline,electricity-input,2020,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression."
CH4 (g) fill compressor station,investment,2040,1654.96,EUR/MW_CH4,2020,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station cost.","Assume same ratio as between H2 (g) pipeline and fill compressor station, i.e. 1:19 , due to a lack of reliable numbers."
CH4 (g) fill compressor station,lifetime,2040,20,years,2020,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-
CH4 (g) fill compressor station,FOM,2040,1.7,%/year,2020,Assume same as for H2 (g) fill compressor station.,-
HVAC overhead,investment,2025,750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVAC overhead,investment,2030,750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVAC overhead,investment,2035,720,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVAC overhead,investment,2040,680,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVAC overhead,investment,2045,650,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVAC overhead,investment,2050,620,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVAC overhead,FOM,2025,1.5,%,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVAC overhead,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVDC overhead,investment,2025,600,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVDC overhead,investment,2030,600,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVDC overhead,investment,2035,580,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVDC overhead,investment,2040,550,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVDC overhead,investment,2045,530,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVDC overhead,investment,2050,500,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVDC overhead,FOM,2025,1.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVDC overhead,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.6 el trans OH.",
HVAC underground,investment,2025,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC underground,investment,2030,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC underground,investment,2035,4320,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC underground,investment,2040,4130,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC underground,investment,2045,3940,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC underground,investment,2050,3750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC underground,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC underground,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC underground,investment,2025,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC underground,investment,2030,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC underground,investment,2035,3910,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC underground,investment,2040,3740,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC underground,investment,2045,3570,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC underground,investment,2050,3400,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC underground,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC underground,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC submarine,investment,2025,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC submarine,investment,2030,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC submarine,investment,2035,4320,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC submarine,investment,2040,4130,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC submarine,investment,2045,3940,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC submarine,investment,2050,3750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC submarine,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVAC submarine,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC submarine,investment,2025,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC submarine,investment,2030,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC submarine,investment,2035,3090,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC submarine,investment,2040,2950,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC submarine,investment,2045,2820,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC submarine,investment,2050,2680,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC submarine,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC submarine,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
HVDC inverter pair,investment,2025,640,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",
HVDC inverter pair,investment,2030,640,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",
HVDC inverter pair,investment,2035,600,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",
HVDC inverter pair,investment,2040,580,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",
HVDC inverter pair,investment,2045,560,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",
HVDC inverter pair,investment,2050,540,EUR/kW,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Based on two DC onshore substations.",
HVDC inverter pair,lifetime,2030,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",
HVDC inverter pair,FOM,2025,1.5,%/year,2011,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations..",
CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,2002,112.64,EUR/MW/km,2014,Kaiser (2017): 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.05.003 .,"Based on Gulfstream pipeline costs (430 mi long pipeline for natural gas in deep/shallow waters) of 2.72e6 USD/mi and 1.31 bn ft^3/d capacity (36 in diameter), LHV of methane 13.8888 MWh/t and density of 0.657 kg/m^3 and 1.17 USD:1EUR conversion rate = 102.4 EUR/MW/km. Number is without booster station cost. Estimation of additional cost for booster stations based on H2 (g) pipeline numbers from Guidehouse (2020): European Hydrogen Backbone report and Danish Energy Agency (2021): Technology Data for Energy Transport, were booster stations make ca. 6% of pipeline cost; here add additional 10% for booster stations as they need to be constructed submerged or on plattforms. (102.4*1.1)."
CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,2015,3,%/year,2015,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-
CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,2015,30,years,2015,"d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material.",-
CH4 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,2020,0.01,MW_e/1000km/MW_CH4,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: 112 6 gas Main distri line.","Assumption for gas pipeline >100MW, 0.1% per station and spacing of 100km yields 1%/1000km. Electric compression."
H2 (g) submarine pipeline,investment,2020,545.325,EUR/MW/km,2023,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 7.48 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)"
H2 (g) submarine pipeline,FOM,2015,3,%/year,2015,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-
H2 (g) submarine pipeline,lifetime,2015,30,years,2015,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-
H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,2020,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,2030,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (g) submarine pipeline,electricity-input,2050,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,investment,2020,191.48,EUR/MW/km,2023,European Hydrogen Backbone Report (June 2021): https://gasforclimate2050.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/EHB_Analysing-the-future-demand-supply-and-transport-of-hydrogen_June-2021.pdf Table 35. Implementation roadmap - Cross border projects and costs updates: https://ehb.eu/files/downloads/EHB-2023-20-Nov-FINAL-design.pdf Table 1,"Assumption for a 48 inch single line repurposed offshore pipeline, incl. compressor investments, 16.9 GW (LHV) peak capacity (source 2), 1.5 MEUR/km base cost with additional investment for compressors of capacity 434 MWe/1000 km (source 1), at 4 MEUR/MWe for compressor (source 2)"
H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,FOM,2015,3,%/year,2015,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-
H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,lifetime,2015,30,years,2015,Assume same as for CH4 (g) submarine pipeline.,-
H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,2020,0.021,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,2030,0.019,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (g) submarine pipeline repurposed,electricity-input,2050,0.017,MW_e/1000km/MW_H2,2015,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (2021), Excel datasheet: H2 140.","Assumption for a 140 bar, 5-20 GW pipeline. Electric compression."
H2 (l) storage tank,investment,2015,750.07500750075,EUR/MWh_H2,2015,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.","Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg). Future target cost. Today’s cost potentially higher according to d’Amore-Domenech et al (2021): 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116625 , supplementary material pg. 16."
H2 (l) storage tank,lifetime,2015,20,years,2015,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).
H2 (l) storage tank,FOM,2015,2,%/year,2015,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 6.",Assuming currency year and technology year here (25 EUR/kg).
H2 liquefaction,investment,2030,1000,EUR/kW_H2,2022,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.",Assumption for a 200t/d facility (Pessimistic long-term or optimistic short-term value).
H2 liquefaction,lifetime,2030,20,years,2022,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",
H2 liquefaction,FOM,2030,2.5,%/year,2020,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",
H2 liquefaction,investment,2050,600,EUR/kW_H2,2022,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Assumption for a large >300t/d, e.g. 2500 t/d facility (Optimistic long-term value without change in base technology mentioned in report)."
H2 liquefaction,lifetime,2050,20,years,2015,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",
H2 liquefaction,FOM,2050,2.5,%/year,2020,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",
H2 liquefaction,hydrogen-input,0,1.017,MWh_H2/MWh_H2,-,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.",corresponding to 1.65% losses during liquefaction
H2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0,0.203,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"Heuser et al. (2019): Techno-economic analysis of a potential energy trading link between Patagonia and Japan based on CO2 free hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.156), table 1.","6.78 kWh/kg_H2, considering H2 with LHV of 33.3333 MWh/t"
H2 evaporation,investment,2030,165,EUR/kW_H2,2022,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Pessimistic assumption for large scale facility / near-term estimate for medium sized facility, in between low / mid estimate with e.g. DNV numbers (Fig. 3.15)."
H2 evaporation,lifetime,2030,20,years,2015,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.
H2 evaporation,FOM,2030,2.5,%/year,2020,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",
H2 evaporation,investment,2050,65,EUR/kW_H2,2022,"IRENA (2022): Global Hydrogen Trade to Meet the 1.5° Climate Goal: Technology Review of Hydrogen Carriers, https://www.irena.org/publications/2022/Apr/Global-hydrogen-trade-Part-II , pg. 62f.","Optimistic assumption for large scale facility 2500 t/d, cf Fig. 3.15 ."
H2 evaporation,lifetime,2050,20,years,2015,Guesstimate.,Based on lifetime of liquefaction plant.
H2 evaporation,FOM,2050,2.5,%/year,2020,"DNV GL (2020): Study on the Import of Liquid Renewable Energy: Technology Cost Assessment, https://www.gie.eu/wp-content/uploads/filr/2598/DNV-GL_Study-GLE-Technologies-and-costs-analysis-on-imports-of-liquid-renewable-energy.pdf .",
H2 (l) transport ship,investment,2030,391000000,EUR,2019,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",
H2 (l) transport ship,FOM,2030,4,%/year,2019,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",
H2 (l) transport ship,lifetime,2030,20,years,2019,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",
H2 (l) transport ship,capacity,2030,11000,t_H2,2019,"Cihlar et al 2020: http://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/7e4afa7d-d077-11ea-adf7-01aa75ed71a1/language-en , Table 3-B, based on IEA 2019.",
CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,2030,151000000,EUR,2015,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,2030,3.5,%/year,2015,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,2030,25,years,2015,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,2030,58300,t_CH4,2015,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .
CH4 liquefaction,investment,2030,190.43,EUR/kW_CH4,2005,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR."
CH4 liquefaction,FOM,2030,3.5,%/year,2005,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,2030,25,years,2005,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 liquefaction,methane-input,0,1,MWh_CH4/MWh_CH4,-,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","For refrigeration cycle, cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2."
CH4 liquefaction,electricity-input,0,0.036,MWh_el/MWh_CH4,-,"Pospíšil et al. (2019): Energy demand of liquefaction and regasification of natural gas and the potential of LNG for operative thermal energy storage (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.09.027), Table 2 and Table 3. alternative source 2: https://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/methane (accessed 2021-02-10).","Assuming 0.5 MWh/t_CH4 for refigeration cycle based on Table 2 of source; cleaning of gas presumed unnecessary as it should be nearly pure CH4 (=SNG). Assuming energy required is only electricity which is for Table 3 in the source provided with efficiencies of ~50% of LHV, making the numbers consistent with the numbers in Table 2."
CH4 evaporation,investment,2030,71.86,EUR/kW_CH4,2005,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR."
CH4 evaporation,FOM,2030,3.5,%/year,2005,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 evaporation,lifetime,2030,30,years,2005,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 (l) transport ship,investment,2040,151000000,EUR,2015,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 (l) transport ship,FOM,2040,3.5,%/year,2015,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 (l) transport ship,lifetime,2040,25,years,2015,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 (l) transport ship,capacity,2040,58300,t_CH4,2015,"Calculated, based on Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",based on 138 000 m^3 capacity and LNG density of 0.4226 t/m^3 .
CH4 liquefaction,investment,2040,190.43,EUR/kW_CH4,2005,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 265 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR."
CH4 liquefaction,FOM,2040,3.5,%/year,2005,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 liquefaction,lifetime,2040,25,years,2005,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 evaporation,investment,2040,71.86,EUR/kW_CH4,2005,"Calculated, based on Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306","based on 100 MUSD-2005/(1 bcm/a), 1 bcm = 10.6 TWh, currency exchange rate: 1.15 USD=1 EUR."
CH4 evaporation,FOM,2040,3.5,%/year,2005,"Lochner and Bothe (2009): https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.12.012 and Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
CH4 evaporation,lifetime,2040,30,years,2005,"Fasihi et al 2017, table 1, https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/2/306",
LNG storage tank,investment,2019,662,EUR/m^3,2019,"Hurskainen 2019, https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/liquid-organic-hydrogen-carriers-lohc-concept-evaluation-and-tech pg. 46 (59).",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.
LNG storage tank,FOM,2019,2,%/year,2019,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.
LNG storage tank,lifetime,2019,20,years,2019,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank with comparable requirements.",Currency year and technology year assumed based on publication date.
MeOH transport ship,investment,2035,35000000,EUR,2020,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",
MeOH transport ship,capacity,2035,75000,t_MeOH,2020,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",
MeOH transport ship,lifetime,2035,15,years,2020,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",
MeOH transport ship,FOM,2035,5,%/year,2020,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",
NH3 (l) transport ship,capacity,2030,53000,t_NH3,2019,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",
NH3 (l) transport ship,investment,2030,80600000,EUR,2019,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",
NH3 (l) transport ship,FOM,2030,4,%/year,2019,"Cihlar et al 2020 based on IEA 2019, Table 3-B",
NH3 (l) transport ship,lifetime,2030,20,years,2019,"Guess estimated based on H2 (l) tanker, but more mature technology",
LOHC transport ship,capacity,2035,75000,t_LOHC,2020,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",
LOHC transport ship,investment,2035,35000000,EUR,2020,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",
LOHC transport ship,FOM,2035,5,%/year,2020,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",
LOHC transport ship,lifetime,2035,15,years,2020,"Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",
LOHC chemical,investment,2035,2500,EUR/t,2020,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",
LOHC chemical,lifetime,2035,20,years,2020,"Runge et al 2020, pg.7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",
LOHC hydrogenation,investment,2015,51259.5439606197,EUR/MW_H2,2015,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 2000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 40 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.
LOHC hydrogenation,FOM,2015,3,%/year,2015,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",
LOHC hydrogenation,lifetime,2015,20,years,2015,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",
LOHC hydrogenation,hydrogen-input,0,1.867,MWh_H2/t_HLOHC,-,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",Considering 5.6 wt-% H2 in loaded LOHC (HLOHC) and LHV of H2.
LOHC hydrogenation,electricity-input,0,0.004,MWh_el/t_HLOHC,-,Niermann et al. (2019): (https://doi.org/10.1039/C8EE02700E). 6A .,"Flow in figures shows 0.2 MW for 114 MW_HHV = 96.4326 MW_LHV = 2.89298 t hydrogen. At 5.6 wt-% effective H2 storage for loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC), corresponds to 51.6604 t loaded LOHC ."
LOHC hydrogenation,lohc-input,0,0.944,t_LOHC/t_HLOHC,-,"Runge et al 2020, pg. 7, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514","Loaded LOHC (H18-DBT, HLOHC) has loaded only 5.6%-wt H2 as rate of discharge is kept at ca. 90%."
LOHC dehydrogenation,investment,2015,50728.0303189864,EUR/MW_H2,2015,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",per MW H2 (LHV). For a large plant of 1000 MW capacity. Calculated based on base CAPEX of 30 MEUR for 300 t/day capacity and a scale factor of 0.6.
LOHC dehydrogenation,FOM,2015,3,%/year,2015,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",
LOHC dehydrogenation,lifetime,2015,20,years,2015,"Reuß et al 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.050 , Table 9.",
LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),investment,2035,839000,EUR/MW_H2,2020,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",MW of H2 LHV. For a small plant of 0.9 MW capacity.
LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),FOM,2035,3,%/year,2020,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",
LOHC dehydrogenation (small scale),lifetime,2035,20,years,2020,"Runge et al 2020, pg.8, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514",
NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,investment,2020,146.66681333348,EUR/MWh_NH3,2010,"Calculated based on Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , Fig. 55, Fig 58.","Based on estimated for a double-wall liquid ammonia tank (~ambient pressure, -33°C), inner tank from stainless steel, outer tank from concrete including installations for liquefaction/condensation, boil-off gas recovery and safety installations; the necessary installations make only a small fraction of the total cost. The total cost are driven by material and working time on the tanks.
While the costs do not scale strictly linearly, we here assume they do (good approximation c.f. ref. Fig 55.) and take the costs for a 9 kt NH3 (l) tank = 8 M$2010, which is smaller 4-5x smaller than the largest deployed tanks today.
We assume an exchange rate of 1.17$ to 1 €.
The investment value is given per MWh NH3 store capacity, using the LHV of NH3 of 5.18 MWh/t."
NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,FOM,2020,2,%/year,2010,"Guesstimate, based on H2 (l) storage tank.",
NH3 (l) storage tank incl. liquefaction,lifetime,2020,20,years,2010,"Morgan E. 2013: doi:10.7275/11KT-3F59 , pg. 290",
CO2 storage tank,investment,2050,2430,EUR/t_CO2,2013,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, Table 3.","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary."
CO2 storage tank,FOM,2050,1,%/year,2013,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary."
CO2 storage tank,lifetime,2050,25,years,2013,"Lauri et al. 2014: doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.297, pg. 2746 .","Assuming a 3000m^3 pressurised steel cylinder tanks and a CO2 density of 1100 kg/m^3 (close to triple point at -56.6°C and 5.2 bar with max density of 1200kg/m^3 ). Lauri et al. report costs 3x higher per m^3 for steel tanks, which are consistent with other sources. The numbers reported are in rather difficult to pinpoint as systems can greatly vary."
CO2 dense phase compression,investment,2024,33288,EUR/t_CO2/h,2024,"Table 4-5 + 4-6 operation point 15 AIT Study https://www.ait.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/CO2Netz_Bericht_241007.pdf", "Conversion: 19 Mio. EUR / (5 Mt/yr) = 19*1e6 EUR / (5*1e6 t * (1/8760) h) = 33 288 EUR/t/h"
CO2 dense phase compression,FOM,2024,5,%/year,2024,"Table 4-11 AIT Study https://www.ait.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/CO2Netz_Bericht_241007.pdf",
CO2 dense phase compression,lifetime,2024,25,years,2024,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",
CO2 dense phase compression,carbondioxide-input,0,1,t_CO2/t_CO2,-,,
CO2 dense phase compression,electricity-input,0,0.1051,MWh_el/t_CO2,-,"Table 4-10 AIT Study https://www.ait.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/CO2Netz_Bericht_241007.pdf",
CO2 liquefaction,investment,2004,12.8928283642224,EUR/t_CO2/h,2004,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Plant capacity of 20 kt CO2 / d and an uptime of 85%. For a high purity, humid, low pressure input stream, includes drying and compression necessary for liquefaction."
CO2 liquefaction,FOM,2004,5,%/year,2004,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,
CO2 liquefaction,lifetime,2004,25,years,2004,"Guesstimate, based on CH4 liquefaction.",
CO2 liquefaction,carbondioxide-input,0,1,t_CO2/t_CO2,-,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,"Assuming a pure, humid, low-pressure input stream. Neglecting possible gross-effects of CO2 which might be cycled for the cooling process."
CO2 liquefaction,heat-input,0,0.0067,MWh_th/t_CO2,-,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,For drying purposes.
CO2 liquefaction,electricity-input,0,0.123,MWh_el/t_CO2,-,Mitsubish Heavy Industries Ltd. and IEA (2004): https://ieaghg.org/docs/General_Docs/Reports/PH4-30%20Ship%20Transport.pdf .,
General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),investment,2012,160,EUR/m^3,2012,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed at the higher end for addon facilities/mid-range for stand-alone facilities. Product storage usually smaller due to higher requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 40 000 - 60 000 m^3 .
General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),FOM,2012,6.25,%/year,2012,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).
General liquid hydrocarbon storage (product),lifetime,2012,30,years,2012,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",
General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),investment,2012,128,EUR/m^3,2012,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 8F .",Assumed 20% lower than for product storage. Crude or middle distillate tanks are usually larger compared to product storage due to lower requirements on safety and different construction method. Reference size used here: 80 000 – 120 000 m^3 .
General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),FOM,2012,6.25,%/year,2012,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , figure 7 and pg. 12 .",Assuming ca. 10 EUR/m^3/a (center value between stand alone and addon facility).
General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude),lifetime,2012,30,years,2012,"Stelter and Nishida 2013: https://webstore.iea.org/insights-series-2013-focus-on-energy-security , pg. 11.",
methane storage tank incl. compressor,investment,2014,8460,EUR/m^3,2014,Storage costs per l: https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/pressure-vessels-for-alternative-fuels-2014-2023 (2021-02-10).,"Assume 5USD/l (= 4.23 EUR/l at 1.17 USD/EUR exchange rate) for type 1 pressure vessel for 200 bar storage and 100% surplus costs for including compressor costs with storage, based on similar assumptions by DEA for compressed hydrogen storage tanks."
methane storage tank incl. compressor,FOM,2014,1.9,%/year,2014,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor (by DEA).
methane storage tank incl. compressor,lifetime,2014,30,years,2014,"Guesstimate, based on hydrogen storage tank type 1 including compressor by DEA.",Based on assumptions for hydrogen storage tank 1 including compressor (by DEA).
LOHC loaded DBT storage,investment,2012,140.659340659341,EUR/t,2012,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3."
LOHC loaded DBT storage,FOM,2012,6.25,%/year,2012,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared."
LOHC loaded DBT storage,lifetime,2012,30,years,2012,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared."
LOHC unloaded DBT storage,investment,2012,124.634858812074,EUR/t,2012,"Density via Wissenschaftliche Dienste des Deutschen Bundestages 2020, https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/816048/454e182d5956d45a664da9eb85486f76/WD-8-058-20-pdf-data.pdf , pg. 11.","Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared. Density of loaded LOHC H18-DBT is 0.91 t/m^3, density of unloaded LOHC H0-DBT is 1.04 t/m^3 but unloading is only to 90% (depth-of-discharge), assume density via linearisation of 1.027 t/m^3."
LOHC unloaded DBT storage,FOM,2012,6.25,%/year,2012,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared."
LOHC unloaded DBT storage,lifetime,2012,30,years,2012,,"Based on storage “General liquid hydrocarbon storage (crude)”, as similar properties are shared."
FT fuel transport ship,investment,2035,35000000,EUR,2020,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",
FT fuel transport ship,capacity,2035,75000,t_FTfuel,2020,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",
FT fuel transport ship,lifetime,2035,15,years,2020,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",
FT fuel transport ship,FOM,2035,5,%/year,2020,"Assume comparable tanker as for LOHC transport above, c.f. Runge et al 2020, Table 10, https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3623514 .",
Ammonia cracker,investment,2030,1062107.74,EUR/MW_H2,2015,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a small (200 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.
Ammonia cracker,lifetime,2030,25,years,2015,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",
Ammonia cracker,FOM,2030,4.3,%/year,2015,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate."
Ammonia cracker,investment,2050,527592.22,EUR/MW_H2,2015,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 6.",Calculated. For a large (2500 t_NH3/d input) facility. Base cost for facility: 51 MEUR at capacity 20 000m^3_NH3/h = 339 t_NH3/d input. Cost scaling exponent 0.67. Ammonia density 0.7069 kg/m^3. Conversion efficiency of cracker: 0.685. Ammonia LHV: 5.167 MWh/t_NH3.
Ammonia cracker,lifetime,2050,25,years,2015,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.",
Ammonia cracker,FOM,2050,4.3,%/year,2015,"Ishimoto et al. (2020): 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.017 , table 7.","Estimated based on Labour cost rate, Maintenance cost rate, Insurance rate, Admin. cost rate and Chemical & other consumables cost rate."
Ammonia cracker,ammonia-input,0,1.46,MWh_NH3/MWh_H2,,"ENGIE et al (2020): Ammonia to Green Hydrogen Feasibility Study (https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/880826/HS420_-_Ecuity_-_Ammonia_to_Green_Hydrogen.pdf), Fig. 10.",Assuming a integrated 200t/d cracking and purification facility. Electricity demand (316 MWh per 2186 MWh_LHV H2 output) is assumed to also be ammonia LHV input which seems a fair assumption as the facility has options for a higher degree of integration according to the report).
methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,investment,2015,2628000,EUR/(t_HVC/h),2015,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).
methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,lifetime,2015,30,years,-,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker
methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,FOM,2015,3,%/year,2015,Guesstimate,same as steam cracker
methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,VOM,2015,30,EUR/t_HVC,2015,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35", 
methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,electricity-input,2015,1.3889,MWh_el/t_HVC,-,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), page 69",5 GJ/t_HVC 
methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,methanol-input,2015,18.03,MWh_MeOH/t_HVC,-,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 2.83 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 4.2 t_MeOH/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. Assuming 5.54 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH. "
methanol-to-olefins/aromatics,carbondioxide-output,2015,0.6107,t_CO2/t_HVC,-,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Sections 4.5 (for ethylene and propylene) and 4.6 (for BTX)","Weighted average: 0.4 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene for 21.7 Mt of ethylene and 17 Mt of propylene, 1.13 t_CO2/t_BTX for 15.7 Mt of BTX. The report also references process emissions of 0.55 t_MeOH/t_ethylene+propylene elsewhere. "
electric steam cracker,investment,2015,10512000,EUR/(t_HVC/h),2015,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",Assuming CAPEX of 1200 €/t actually given in €/(t/a).
electric steam cracker,lifetime,2015,30,years,-,Guesstimate,
electric steam cracker,FOM,2015,3,%/year,2015,Guesstimate,
electric steam cracker,VOM,2015,180,EUR/t_HVC,2015,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), Table 35",
electric steam cracker,naphtha-input,2015,14.8,MWh_naphtha/t_HVC,-,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",
electric steam cracker,electricity-input,2015,2.7,MWh_el/t_HVC,-,"Lechtenböhmer et al. (2016): 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.110, Section 4.3, page 6.",Assuming electrified processing.
electric steam cracker,carbondioxide-output,2015,0.55,t_CO2/t_HVC,-,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), ",The report also references another source with 0.76 t_CO2/t_HVC
Steam methane reforming,investment,2015,470085.47008547,EUR/MW_H2,2015,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW). Currency conversion 1.17 USD = 1 EUR.
Steam methane reforming,lifetime,2015,30,years,2015,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).
Steam methane reforming,FOM,2015,3,%/year,2015,"International Energy Agency (2015): Technology Roadmap Hydrogen and Fuel Cells , table 15.",Large scale SMR facility (150-300 MW).
Steam methane reforming,methane-input,0,1.483,MWh_CH4/MWh_H2,-,"Keipi et al (2018): Economic analysis of hydrogen production by methane thermal decomposition (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.12.063), table 2.","Large scale SMR plant producing 2.5 kg/s H2 output (assuming 33.3333 MWh/t H2 LHV), with 6.9 kg/s CH4 input (feedstock) and 2 kg/s CH4 input (energy). Neglecting water consumption."
Methanol steam reforming,investment,2020,18016.8665097215,EUR/MW_H2,2020,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.","For high temperature steam reforming plant with a capacity of 200 MW_H2 output (6t/h). Reference plant of 1 MW (30kg_H2/h) costs 150kEUR, scale factor of 0.6 assumed."
Methanol steam reforming,lifetime,2020,20,years,2020,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",
Methanol steam reforming,FOM,2020,4,%/year,2020,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",
Methanol steam reforming,methanol-input,0,1.201,MWh_MeOH/MWh_H2,-,"Niermann et al. (2021): Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers and alternatives for international transport of renewable hydrogen (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110171), table 4.",Assuming per 1 t_H2 (with LHV 33.3333 MWh/t): 4.5 MWh_th and 3.2 MWh_el are required. We assume electricity can be substituted / provided with 1:1 as heat energy.
methanol-to-kerosene,methanol-input,2020,1.0764,MWh_MeOH/MWh_kerosene,-,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen."
methanol-to-kerosene,hydrogen-input,2020,0.0279,MWh_H2/MWh_kerosene,-,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 6.","Assuming LHV 11.94 kWh/kg for kerosene, 5.54 kWh/kg for methanol, 33.3 kWh/kg for hydrogen."
methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,2020,30,years,-,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
methanol-to-kerosene,investment,2020,307000,EUR/MW_kerosene,2020,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,2020,4.5,%/year,2020,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,2020,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,2020,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,2030,30,years,-,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
methanol-to-kerosene,investment,2030,269000,EUR/MW_kerosene,2020,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,2030,4.5,%/year,2020,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,2030,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,2020,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
methanol-to-kerosene,lifetime,2050,30,years,-,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
methanol-to-kerosene,investment,2050,200000,EUR/MW_kerosene,2020,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
methanol-to-kerosene,FOM,2050,4.5,%/year,2020,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
methanol-to-kerosene,VOM,2050,1.35,EUR/MWh_kerosene,2020,"Concawe (2022): E-Fuels: A technoeconomic assessment of European domestic production and imports towards 2050 (https://www.concawe.eu/wp-content/uploads/Rpt_22-17.pdf), table 94.",
Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,2020,0.653,per unit,, Inverse of hydrogen input,
Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,2030,0.704,per unit,, Inverse of hydrogen input,
Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,2040,0.734,per unit,, Inverse of hydrogen input,
Fischer-Tropsch,efficiency,2050,0.754,per unit,, Inverse of hydrogen input,
Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,2020,1.531,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output)."
Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,2030,1.421,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output)."
Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,2040,1.363,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output)."
Fischer-Tropsch,hydrogen-input,2050,1.327,MWh_H2/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.995 MWh_H2 per output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output)."
Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,2020,0.008,MWh_el/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output)."
Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,2030,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output)."
Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,2040,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output)."
Fischer-Tropsch,electricity-input,2050,0.007,MWh_el/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","0.005 MWh_el input per FT output, output increasing from 2020 to 2050 (0.65, 0.7, 0.73, 0.75 MWh liquid FT output)."
Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,2020,0.36,t_CO2/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT)."
Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,2030,0.326,t_CO2/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT)."
Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,2040,0.301,t_CO2/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT)."
Fischer-Tropsch,carbondioxide-input,2050,0.276,t_CO2/MWh_FT,,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), Hydrogen to Jet Fuel, Table 10 / pg. 267.","Input per 1t FT liquid fuels output, carbon efficiency increases with years (4.3, 3.9, 3.6, 3.3 t_CO2/t_FT from 2020-2050 with LHV 11.95 MWh_th/t_FT)."
methanolisation,electricity-input,0,0.271,MWh_e/MWh_MeOH,,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",
methanolisation,hydrogen-input,0,1.138,MWh_H2/MWh_MeOH,,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 64.",189 kg_H2 per t_MeOH
methanolisation,carbondioxide-input,0,0.248,t_CO2/MWh_MeOH,,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 66.",
methanolisation,heat-output,0,0.1,MWh_th/MWh_MeOH,,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf) , pg. 65.",steam generation of 2 GJ/t_MeOH
csp-tower,investment,2020,159.96,"EUR/kW_th,dp",2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower,investment,2030,108.37,"EUR/kW_th,dp",2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower,investment,2040,99.97,"EUR/kW_th,dp",2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower,investment,2050,99.38,"EUR/kW_th,dp",2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include solar field and solar tower as well as EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (223,708,924 USD) are divided by active area (heliostat reflective area, 1,269,054 m2) and multiplied by design point DNI (0.95 kW/m2) to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower,FOM,2020,1,%/year,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.
csp-tower,FOM,2030,1.1,%/year,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.
csp-tower,FOM,2040,1.3,%/year,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.
csp-tower,FOM,2050,1.4,%/year,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.
csp-tower,lifetime,2020,30,years,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-
csp-tower,lifetime,2030,30,years,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-
csp-tower,lifetime,2040,30,years,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-
csp-tower,lifetime,2050,30,years,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),-
csp-tower TES,investment,2020,21.43,EUR/kWh_th,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower TES,investment,2030,14.52,EUR/kWh_th,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower TES,investment,2040,13.39,EUR/kWh_th,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower TES,investment,2050,13.32,EUR/kWh_th,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the TES incl. EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant, 2.791 MW_th TES). Total costs (69390776.7 USD) are divided by TES size to obtain EUR/kW_th. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower TES,FOM,2020,1,%/year,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower TES,FOM,2030,1.1,%/year,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower TES,FOM,2040,1.3,%/year,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower TES,FOM,2050,1.4,%/year,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower TES,lifetime,2020,30,years,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower TES,lifetime,2030,30,years,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower TES,lifetime,2040,30,years,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower TES,lifetime,2050,30,years,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower power block,investment,2020,1120.57,EUR/kW_e,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower power block,investment,2030,759.17,EUR/kW_e,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower power block,investment,2040,700.34,EUR/kW_e,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower power block,investment,2050,696.2,EUR/kW_e,2020,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power) and NREL SAM v2021.12.2 (https://sam.nrel.gov/).,"Based on NREL’s SAM (v2021.12.2) numbers for a CSP power plant, 2020 numbers. CAPEX degression (=learning) taken from ATB database (“moderate”) scenario. Costs include the power cycle incl. BOP and EPC cost for the default installation size (104 MWe plant). Total costs (135185685.5 USD) are divided by power block nameplate capacity size to obtain EUR/kW_e. Exchange rate: 1.16 USD to 1 EUR."
csp-tower power block,FOM,2020,1,%/year,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower power block,FOM,2030,1.1,%/year,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower power block,FOM,2040,1.3,%/year,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower power block,FOM,2050,1.4,%/year,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower power block,lifetime,2020,30,years,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower power block,lifetime,2030,30,years,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower power block,lifetime,2040,30,years,2020,see solar-tower.,-
csp-tower power block,lifetime,2050,30,years,2020,see solar-tower.,-
hydrogen storage tank type 1,investment,2030,13.5,EUR/kWh_H2,2020,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.","450 EUR/kg_H2 converted with LHV to MWh. For a type 1 hydrogen storage tank (steel, 15-250 bar). Currency year assumed 2020 for initial publication of reference; observe note in SI.4.3 that no currency year is explicitly stated in the reference."
hydrogen storage tank type 1,FOM,2030,2,%/year,2020,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-
hydrogen storage tank type 1,lifetime,2030,20,years,2020,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-
hydrogen storage tank type 1,min_fill_level,2030,6,%,2020,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.9.",-
hydrogen storage compressor,investment,2030,87.69,EUR/kW_H2,2020,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.","2923 EUR/kg_H2. For a 206 kg/h compressor. Base CAPEX 40 528 EUR/kW_el with scale factor 0.4603. kg_H2 converted to MWh using LHV. Pressure range: 30 bar in, 250 bar out."
hydrogen storage compressor,FOM,2030,4,%/year,2020,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-
hydrogen storage compressor,lifetime,2030,15,years,2020,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",-
hydrogen storage compressor,compression-electricity-input,2030,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,2020,"Based on Stöckl et al (2021): https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2005.03464, table SI.4.",1.707 kWh/kg.
seawater RO desalination,electricity-input,0,0.003,MWHh_el/t_H2O,,"Caldera et al. (2016): Local cost of seawater RO desalination based on solar PV and windenergy: A global estimate. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.02.004), Fig. 4.",Desalination using SWRO. Assume medium salinity of 35 Practical Salinity Units (PSUs) = 35 kg/m^3.
Haber-Bosch,electricity-input,0,0.2473,MWh_el/MWh_NH3,-,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), table 11.",Assume 5 GJ/t_NH3 for compressors and NH3 LHV = 5.16666 MWh/t_NH3.
Haber-Bosch,nitrogen-input,0,0.1597,t_N2/MWh_NH3,-,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.",".33 MWh electricity are required for ASU per t_NH3, considering 0.4 MWh are required per t_N2 and LHV of NH3 of 5.1666 Mwh."
Haber-Bosch,hydrogen-input,0,1.1484,MWh_H2/MWh_NH3,-,"DECHEMA 2017: DECHEMA: Low carbon energy and feedstock for the European chemical industry (https://dechema.de/dechema_media/Downloads/Positionspapiere/Technology_study_Low_carbon_energy_and_feedstock_for_the_European_chemical_industry.pdf), pg. 57.","178 kg_H2 per t_NH3, LHV for both assumed."
air separation unit,electricity-input,0,0.25,MWh_el/t_N2,-,"DEA (2022): Technology Data for Renewable Fuels (https://ens.dk/en/our-services/projections-and-models/technology-data/technology-data-renewable-fuels), p.288.","For consistency reasons use value from Danish Energy Agency. DEA also reports range of values (0.2-0.4 MWh/t_N2) on pg. 288. Other efficienices reported are even higher, e.g. 0.11 Mwh/t_N2 from Morgan (2013): Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Ammonia Plants Powered by Offshore Wind ."
direct air capture,electricity-input,0,0.4,MWh_el/t_CO2,-,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative:  Breyer et al (2019).","0.4 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 0.182 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019). Should already include electricity for water scrubbing and compression (high quality CO2 output)."
direct air capture,heat-input,0,1.6,MWh_th/t_CO2,-,"Beuttler et al (2019): The Role of Direct Air Capture in Mitigation of Antropogenic Greenhouse Gas emissions (https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2019.00010), alternative:  Breyer et al (2019).","Thermal energy demand. Provided via air-sourced heat pumps. 1.6 MWh based on Beuttler et al (2019) for Climeworks LT DAC, alternative value: 1.102 MWh based on Breyer et al (2019)."
dry bulk carrier Capesize,capacity,2020,180000,t,2020,-,"DWT; corresponds to size of Capesize bulk carriers which have previously docked at the habour in Hamburg, Germany. Short of 200 kt limit for VLBCs."
dry bulk carrier Capesize,investment,2020,40000000,EUR,2020,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/dry-bulk-carriers-in-high-demand-as-rates-keep-rallying/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","See figure for ‘Dry Bulk Newbuild Prices’, Capesize at end of 2020. Exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR."
dry bulk carrier Capesize,FOM,2020,4,%/year,2020,"Based on https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/capesize-freight-returns-below-operating-expense-levels-but-shipowners-reject-lay-ups/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","5000 USD/d OPEX, exchange rate: 1.15 USD = 1 EUR; absolute value calculate relative to investment cost."
dry bulk carrier Capesize,lifetime,2020,25,years,2020,"Based on https://mfame.guru/fall-life-expectancy-bulk-carriers/, accessed: 2022-12-03.",Expected lifetime.
hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,investment,2020,4277858,EUR/t_HBI/h,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost."
hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,2020,11.3,%/year,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","55.28 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ OPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost."
hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,2020,40,years,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.
hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,2020,20,years,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",
hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,electricity-input,2020,1.03,MWh_el/t_hbi,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ reduced by electricity demand of process ‘EAF’.
hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,hydrogen-input,2020,2.1,MWh_H2/t_hbi,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2022-12-05). ","63 kg H2/t steel for process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’ according to documentation (raw input files for MPP model list 73 kg H2 / t steel, which seems to high and is probably incorrect)."
hydrogen direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,2020,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03). ",Based on process ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’.
natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,investment,2020,4277858,EUR/t_HBI/h,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.","488.34 EUR/t_HBI output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘DRI-EAF_100% green H2’, substract ‘EAF’ CAPEX here to estimate DRI furnace cost."
natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,FOM,2020,11.3,%/year,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",
natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,lifetime,2020,40,years,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",
natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,economic_lifetime,2020,20,years,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.
natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,gas-input,2020,2.78,MWh_NG/t_hbi,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Original value 10 GJ/t_DRI.
natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,2020,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",
electric arc furnace,investment,2020,1839600,EUR/t_steel/h,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.
electric arc furnace,FOM,2020,30,%/year,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion."
electric arc furnace,lifetime,2020,40,years,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.
electric arc furnace,economic_lifetime,2020,20,years,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",
electric arc furnace,electricity-input,2020,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. 
electric arc furnace,hbi-input,2020,1,t_hbi/t_steel,2020,-,Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.
electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,investment,2020,1839600,EUR/t_steel/h,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",210 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘EAF’.
electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,FOM,2020,30,%/year,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.","EAF has high OPEX of 62.99 EUR/year/t_steel, presumably because of electrode corrosion."
electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,lifetime,2020,40,years,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.
electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,economic_lifetime,2020,20,years,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2022-12-05.",
electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,electricity-input,2020,0.6395,MWh_el/t_steel,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2022-12-03).",Based on process ‘EAF’. 
electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,hbi-input,2020,0.37,t_hbi/t_steel,2020,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",Assume HBI instead of scrap as input.Scrap would require higher input (in tonnes) as steel content is lower.
electric arc furnace with hbi and scrap,scrap-input,2020,0.71,t_scrap/t_steel,2020,"World Steel Association, Fact Sheet – Steel and raw materials: https://worldsteel.org/wp-content/uploads/Fact-sheet-raw-materials-2023-1.pdf, Accessed 2024-04-17.",
shipping fuel methanol,fuel,2020,72,EUR/MWh_th,2020,"Based on (source 1) Hampp et al (2022), https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01092, and (source 2): https://www.methanol.org/methanol-price-supply-demand/; both accessed: 2022-12-03.",400 EUR/t assuming range roughly in the long-term range for green methanol (source 1) and late 2020+beyond values for grey methanol (source 2).
shipping fuel methanol,CO2 intensity,2020,0.2482,t_CO2/MWh_th,2020,-,Based on stochiometric composition.
iron ore DRI-ready,commodity,2020,97.73,EUR/t,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://missionpossiblepartnership.org/action-sectors/steel/, accessed: 2022-12-03.","DRI ready assumes 65% iron content, requiring no additional benefication."
offwind-float,investment,2030,2350,EUR/kWel,2020,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,
offwind-float,FOM,2030,1.15,%/year,2020,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,
offwind-float,lifetime,2020,20,years,2020,C. Maienza 2020 A life cycle cost model for floating offshore wind farms,
offwind-float,investment,2040,1960,EUR/kWel,2020,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,
offwind-float,FOM,2040,1.22,%/year,2020,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,
offwind-float,investment,2050,1580,EUR/kWel,2020,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,
offwind-float,FOM,2050,1.39,%/year,2020,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adapen.2021.100067,
offwind-ac-station,investment,2025,850,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-ac-station,investment,2030,850,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-ac-station,investment,2035,820,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-ac-station,investment,2040,780,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-ac-station,investment,2045,750,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-ac-station,investment,2050,710,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-ac-station,FOM,2025,1.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",
offwind-ac-station,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",
offwind-dc-station,investment,2025,1070,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-dc-station,investment,2030,1070,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-dc-station,investment,2035,1020,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-dc-station,investment,2040,980,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-dc-station,investment,2045,940,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-dc-station,investment,2050,900,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-dc-station,FOM,2025,1.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",
offwind-dc-station,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",
offwind-float-station,investment,2025,1070,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-float-station,investment,2030,1070,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-float-station,investment,2035,1020,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-float-station,investment,2040,980,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-float-station,investment,2045,940,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-float-station,investment,2050,900,EUR/kWel,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations. Including onshore and offshore substation.",
offwind-float-station,FOM,2025,1.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",
offwind-float-station,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.8 el substations.",
offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2025,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2030,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2035,4320,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2040,4130,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2045,3940,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-submarine,investment,2050,3750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-submarine,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-submarine,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2025,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2030,4510,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2035,4320,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2040,4130,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2045,3940,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-underground,investment,2050,3750,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-underground,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-ac-connection-underground,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2025,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2030,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2035,3090,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2040,2950,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2045,2820,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-submarine,investment,2050,2680,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-submarine,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-submarine,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2025,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2030,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2035,3910,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2040,3740,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2045,3570,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-underground,investment,2050,3400,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-underground,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-dc-connection-underground,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2025,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2030,3220,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2035,3090,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2040,2950,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2045,2820,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-submarine,investment,2050,2680,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-submarine,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-submarine,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2025,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2030,4070,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2035,3910,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2040,3740,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2045,3570,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-underground,investment,2050,3400,EUR/MW/km,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-underground,FOM,2025,2.5,%/year,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
offwind-float-connection-underground,lifetime,2025,40,years,2025,"Danish Energy Agency, Technology Data for Energy Transport (July 2025), https://ens.dk/en/analyses-and-statistics/technology-data-transport-energy, Excel datasheet: 1.7 el trans AC&DC cables.",
nuclear,investment,2020,10275,EUR/kW_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) ."
nuclear,FOM,2020,1.27,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs."
nuclear,VOM,2020,4.24,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) ."
nuclear,lifetime,2020,40,years,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",
nuclear,efficiency,2020,0.326,p.u.,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260."
nuclear,fuel,2030,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh."
uranium,fuel,2030,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh."
nuclear,fuel,2050,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh."
uranium,fuel,2050,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh."
coal,investment,2020,4575.69,EUR/kW_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR)."
coal,FOM,2020,1.31,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100."
coal,VOM,2020,3.89908256880734,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR)."
coal,lifetime,2020,40,years,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",
coal,efficiency,2020,0.356,p.u.,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up."
coal,fuel,2030,6.4,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh"
coal,fuel,2040,5.9,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh"
coal,fuel,2050,5.5,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh"
lignite,investment,2020,4575.69,EUR/kW_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf ."
lignite,FOM,2020,1.31,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . "
lignite,VOM,2020,3.89908256880734,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . "
lignite,lifetime,2020,40,years,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . "
lignite,efficiency,2020,0.33,p.u.,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . "
lignite,fuel,2030,6.5,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on Booze&co data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, Lignite G2 (SK - DE - RS - PL - ME - UKNI - BA - IE)."
gas,fuel,2020,9.248,EUR/MWh_th,2020,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.85 USD/EUR"
gas,fuel,2025,34.12,EUR/MWh_th,2025,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.836 USD/EUR"
gas,fuel,2030,22.6,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh"
gas,fuel,2050,18.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh"
organic rankine cycle,lifetime,2020,30,years,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",
organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,2020,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C."
organic rankine cycle,FOM,2020,2,%/year,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details"
organic rankine cycle,investment,2020,1376,EUR/kW_el,2020,Tartiere and Astolfi 2017: A world overview of the organic Rankine cycle market,"Low rollout complicates the estimation, compounded by a dependence both on plant size and temperature, converted from 1500 USD/kW using currency conversion 1.09 USD = 1 EUR."
geothermal,CO2 intensity,2020,0.12,tCO2/MWh_el,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",Likely to be improved; Average of 85 percent of global egs power plant capacity; Result of fluid circulation through rock formations
geothermal,lifetime,2020,30,years,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",
geothermal,district heat-input,2020,0.8,MWh_thdh/MWh_th,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, District Heat-output. This is an assessment of typical heat losses when heat is transmitted from the EGS plant to the DH network, This is a rough estimate, depends on local conditions"
geothermal,FOM,2020,2,%/year,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551",See Supplemental Material of source for details
geothermal,district heat surcharge,2020,25,%,2020,Frey et al. 2022: Techno-Economic Assessment of Geothermal Resources in the Variscan Basement of the Northern Upper Rhine Graben,"If capital cost of electric generation from EGS is 100%, district heating adds additional 25%. Costs incurred by piping."
electrolysis,investment,2020,2000,EUR/kW_e,2020,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,
electrolysis,investment,2025,1800,EUR/kW_e,2020,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,
electrolysis,investment,2030,1500,EUR/kW_e,2020,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,
electrolysis,investment,2040,1200,EUR/kW_e,2020,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,
electrolysis,investment,2050,1000,EUR/kW_e,2020,private communications; IEA https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9e0c82d4-06d2-496b-9542-f184ba803645/TheRoleofE-fuelsinDecarbonisingTransport.pdf,
bioethanol crops,fuel,2020,54.6434100368518,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
bioethanol crops,fuel,2030,72.477665790641,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
bioethanol crops,fuel,2040,75.7178710725453,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
bioethanol crops,fuel,2050,78.995541440487,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOCRP11 (Bioethanol barley, wheat, grain maize, oats, other cereals and rye), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
bioethanol crops,CO2 intensity,2020,0.12894,tCO2/MWh_th,,,"CO2 released during fermentation of bioethanol crops, based on stochiometric composition: C6H12O6 -> 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 , i.e. 1 kg ethanol → ~0.956 kg CO₂ (from fermentation) → 0.1289 tCO₂/MWh (with LHV = 26.7 MJ/kg)."
biodiesel crops,fuel,2020,84.585016773297,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
biodiesel crops,fuel,2030,121.021431275337,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
biodiesel crops,fuel,2040,120.926387801857,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
biodiesel crops,fuel,2050,115.905289026151,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIORPS1 (rape seed), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
biogas manure,fuel,2020,17.3705908155502,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
biogas manure,fuel,2030,17.4674555553638,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
biogas manure,fuel,2040,17.4767827669554,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
biogas manure,fuel,2050,17.5404377813252,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOGAS1 (manure), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
fuelwood,fuel,2020,14.066770723441,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
fuelwood,fuel,2030,12.767964974663,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
fuelwood,fuel,2040,11.5992033141145,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
fuelwood,fuel,2050,10.5474097062402,EUR/MWhth,2010,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",
allam,investment,2030,1500,EUR/kW,2020,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,
allam,VOM,2030,2,EUR/MWh,2020,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,
allam,efficiency,2030,0.6,p.u.,2020,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,
allam,lifetime,2030,30,years,2020,Own assumption. TODO: Find better technology data and cost assumptions,
iron-air battery,FOM,2025,1.02185373078457,%/year,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,FOM,2030,1,%/year,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,FOM,2035,1.10628646943421,%/year,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,FOM,2040,1.1807773334732,%/year,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2025,30.05,EUR/kWh,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2030,20,EUR/kWh,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2035,15.11,EUR/kWh,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,investment,2040,13.33,EUR/kWh,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2025,0.7,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2030,0.71,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2035,0.73,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery charge,efficiency,2040,0.74,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2025,0.59,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2030,0.6,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2035,0.62,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery discharge,efficiency,2040,0.63,per unit,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
iron-air battery,lifetime,2030,17.5,years,2023,"Form Energy, docu/FormEnergy_Europe_modeling_recommendations_2023.03.pdf, p4",
blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,investment,2020,7637406,EUR/t_steel/h,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",871.85 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘Avg BF-BOF’.
blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,FOM,2020,14.18,%/year,2020,"Model assumptions from MPP Steel Transition Tool: https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/CAPEX%20OPEX%20Per%20Technology.xlsx, accessed: 2025-04-15.",123.67 EUR/t_steel output/a. MPP steel tool uses CAPEX/OPEX for technology ‘BF-BOF’.
blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,lifetime,2020,40,years,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",MPP steel model distinguishes between plant lifetime (40 years) and investment cycle (20 years). Choose plant lifetime.
blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,economic_lifetime,2020,20,years,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model Documentation (https://mpp.gitbook.io/mpp-steel-model/model-overview/model-components/technologies, accessed: 2025-04-15).",
blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,coal-input,2020,5.34,MWh_coal/t_steel,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv#L21, accessed: 2025-11-10). ","Based on process ‘BAT BF-BOF` Emissivity without CCS using specific emissivity for coal of 0.3361 t_CO2/MWh; composition of 0.44 GJ met-coal, 4.75 GJ coke, 1.35 GJ thermal coal which is translated to one representative coal demand which also includes coal demand for intermediate products like BF gas, BOF gas and COG."
blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,ore-input,2020,1.539,t_ore/t_steel,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`
blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace,scrap-input,2020,0.051,t_scrap/t_steel,2020,"Mission Possible Partnership (2022): Steel Model (https://github.com/missionpossiblepartnership/mpp-steel-model/blob/9eca52db92bd2d9715f30e98ccaaf36677fdb516/mppsteel/data/import_data/Technology%20Business%20Cases.csv, accessed: 2025-04-15). ",Based on process ‘Avg BF-BOF`
cement dry clinker,investment,2006,1095000,EUR/t_clinker/h,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 125 EUR/t/year
cement dry clinker,FOM,2006,4,%/year,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",
cement dry clinker,VOM,2006,5,EUR/t_clinker,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",
cement dry clinker,lifetime,2006,30,years,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",
cement dry clinker,gas-input,2006,0.00016,MWh_NG/t_clinker,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.0058 PJ per Mt clinker
cement dry clinker,electricity-input,2006,0.0694,MWh_el/t_clinker,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 0.25 PJ per Mt clinker
cement dry clinker,heat-input,2006,0.9444,MWh_th/t_CO2,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `IND` (ICMDRYPRD01, ICM.Dry Process Production.01) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original values 3.4 PJ per Mt clinker
cement finishing,investment,2006,87600,EUR/t_cement/h,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Original value 10 EUR/t/year
cement finishing,FOM,2006,30,%/year,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",
cement finishing,VOM,2006,3,EUR/t_cement,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",
cement finishing,electricity-input,2006,0.1736,MWh_el/t_cement,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer) with original value 0.6251 PJ per Mt cement.
cement finishing,clinker-input,2006,0.656,t_cl/t_cement,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer)
cement finishing,slag-input,2006,0.194,t_slag/t_cement,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND_Trans.xlsx`, Sheet `IND_Trans` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer)
cement finishing,lifetime,2006,25,years,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx` (ICMFINPRO01, Cement finishing) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Based on inputs for DE (major EU producer)
ethanol from starch crop,investment,2010,819630,EUR/MW_eth,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW"
ethanol from starch crop,investment,2020,677090,EUR/MW_eth,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW"
ethanol from starch crop,investment,2025,614720,EUR/MW_eth,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW"
ethanol from starch crop,investment,2030,570180,EUR/MW_eth,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW"
ethanol from starch crop,FOM,2010,11.4,%/year,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year"
ethanol from starch crop,FOM,2020,13.8,%/year,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year"
ethanol from starch crop,FOM,2025,15.2,%/year,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year"
ethanol from starch crop,FOM,2030,16.4,%/year,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year"
ethanol from starch crop,VOM,2010,24.9,EUR/MWh_eth,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value 6.93 MEUR/PJ VAROM"
ethanol from starch crop,lifetime,2010,20,years,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for USA and European production
ethanol from starch crop,efficiency,2010,0.58,p.u.,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH101, Ethanol production from starch crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production. Converted from 0.35 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t"
ethanol from sugar crops,investment,2010,659330,EUR/MW_eth,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW"
ethanol from sugar crops,investment,2020,501090,EUR/MW_eth,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW"
ethanol from sugar crops,investment,2025,454930,EUR/MW_eth,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW"
ethanol from sugar crops,investment,2030,421970,EUR/MW_eth,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original value INVCOST in MEUR/GW"
ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,2010,13.57,%/year,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year"
ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,2020,16.43,%/year,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year"
ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,2025,18.09,%/year,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year"
ethanol from sugar crops,FOM,2030,19.51,%/year,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for USA and European production, original values FIXOM in MEUR/GW divided by INVCOST for the corresponding year"
ethanol from sugar crops,VOM,2010,21.9,EUR/MWh_eth,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production, original value 6.09 MEUR/PJ VAROM"
ethanol from sugar crops,lifetime,2010,20,years,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.",Suited for Brazilian production
ethanol from sugar crops,efficiency,2010,0.45,p.u.,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_10_TECHS_CHP_SUP_IND.xlsx`, Sheet `SUP` (BCRPETH201, Ethanol production from sugar crops ) and currency year from file `SysSettings.xls`, sheet `Constants`, Attribute `G_Dyear` = 2015.","Suited for Brazilian production. Converted from 0.292 t_crop/t_eth, LHV_crop = 16.1 GJ/t, LHV_ethanol = 26.7 GJ/t"
ethanol carbon capture retrofit,FOM,2030,7,%/year,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",
ethanol carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,2030,0.94,per unit,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",
ethanol carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,2030,0.12,MWh/tCO2,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",
ethanol carbon capture retrofit,investment,2030,922105,USD/(tCO2/h),2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 36 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 342000 t/year"
ethanol carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,2030,20,years,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",
ammonia carbon capture retrofit,FOM,2030,5,%/year,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",
ammonia carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,2030,0.99,per unit,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760)
ammonia carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,2030,0.1,MWh/tCO2,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",
ammonia carbon capture retrofit,investment,2030,923290,USD/(tCO2/h),2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 41 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 389000 t/year"
ammonia carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,2030,20,years,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",
cement carbon capture retrofit,FOM,2030,7,%/year,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",
cement carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,2030,0.9,per unit,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760)
cement carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,2030,0.16,MWh/tCO2,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",
cement carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,2030,0.76,MWh/tCO2,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",
cement carbon capture retrofit,investment,2030,2569739,USD/(tCO2/h),2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 247 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 842000  t/year"
cement carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,2030,20,years,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",
steel carbon capture retrofit,FOM,2030,5,%/year,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",
steel carbon capture retrofit,capture_rate,2030,0.9,per unit,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-16, accessed 2025-04-16",CO2 volume captured / (Stream flowrate * Max. capacity utilization * CO2 in exhaust * 8760)
steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,2030,0.16,MWh/tCO2,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",
steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,2030,0.76,MWh/tCO2,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",
steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,2030,3536679,USD/(tCO2/h),2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year"
steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,2030,20,years,2019,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",
Alkaline electrolyzer large size,lifetime,2020,40,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,2020,1.5,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer large size,electricity-input,2025,1.38,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2020,6.4,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer large size,FOM,2030,2.8,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,2020,625.9,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,2025,377.2,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer large size,investment,2030,377.2,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,2020,0.54,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer large size,VOM,2025,0.21,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 72 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,lifetime,2020,20,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,2020,1.633,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,2025,1.633,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,electricity-input,2025,1.416,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2020,18.1,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2025,18.1,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,FOM,2030,2.3,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,2020,497.7,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,2025,497.7,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,investment,2030,444.9,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer medium size,VOM,2020,0.21,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2EC02, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 33 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,lifetime,2020,20,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,2020,1.62,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,2025,1.62,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,2025,1.41,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2020,18.1,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2025,18.1,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,FOM,2030,2.3,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,2020,865.9,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,2025,865.9,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,2030,512.5,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,2020,0.96,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,investment,2025,512.5,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
Alkaline electrolyzer small size,VOM,2030,0.17,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2ED01, H2 Production-Alkaline Electrolyser, small size, decentralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 0.6 MW
PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,2020,6,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime"
PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,2030,7,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime"
PEM electrolyzer small size,lifetime,2050,9,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`","Likely stack lifetime, rather than electrolyzer system lifetime"
PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,2020,1.43,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW
PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,2030,1.33,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW
PEM electrolyzer small size,electricity-input,2050,1.25,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW
PEM electrolyzer small size,FOM,2020,3,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW
PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,2020,1200,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW
PEM electrolyzer small size,investment,2030,950,EUR/kW,2015,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SELCH2PEM01, H2 Production-Proton Exchange Membrane) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",Reference capacity 1 MW
SOEC,lifetime,2020,30,years,-,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,
SOEC,electricity-input,2020,1.22,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,
SOEC,electricity-input,2030,1.19,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,
SOEC,electricity-input,2040,1.15,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,
SOEC,electricity-input,2050,1.11,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,
SOEC,investment,2020,2651,USD/kW,2022,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario
SOEC,investment,2030,2521,USD/kW,2022,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario
SOEC,investment,2040,2398,USD/kW,2022,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario
SOEC,investment,2050,2281,USD/kW,2022,"ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions, https://theicct.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/fuels-eu-cost-renew-H-produced-onsite-H-refueling-stations-europe-feb22.pdf adjusted according to DOE observations https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/docs/hydrogenprogramlibraries/pdfs/24005-clean-hydrogen-production-cost-pem-electrolyzer.pdf?sfvrsn=8cb10889_1#:~:text=This%20Record%20shows%20that%20the,factors%20of%2050%2D75%25",US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario
SOEC,FOM,2020,4,%/year,2022,ICCT IRA e-fuels assumptions ,US-based assumptions for a Conservative cost scenario
H2 production natural gas steam reforming,lifetime,2020,20,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,2020,1.32,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,2025,1.32,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming,gas-input,2030,1.25,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming,electricity-input,2020,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming,FOM,2020,4.9,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,2020,201.2,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,2025,201.2,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming,investment,2030,158.3,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,2020,0.29,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming,VOM,2030,0.18,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,lifetime,2020,20,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,2020,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,2025,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,coal-input,2030,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,2020,0.07,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,2025,0.07,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,electricity-input,2030,0.02,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,FOM,2020,5.9,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,FOM,2025,5.9,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,FOM,2050,6.4,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,investment,2020,462.5,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,investment,2025,462.5,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,investment,2030,350.9,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,VOM,2020,0.587,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,VOM,2025,0.587,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification,VOM,2030,0.445,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,lifetime,2020,25,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,oil-input,2020,1.3,MWh_oil/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,electricity-input,2020,0.063,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,FOM,2020,5,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,investment,2020,431.8,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production heavy oil partial oxidation,VOM,2020,0.14,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SHFOH2POC01, H2 Production-Central PO of Heavy Oil (CPO3)) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,lifetime,2020,20,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,wood-input,2020,1.36,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,electricity-input,2020,0.044,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,FOM,2020,4,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,investment,2020,519.3,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production solid biomass steam reforming,VOM,2020,0.65,EUR/MWh,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2RC01, H2 Production-Biomass Steam Reforming, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification,lifetime,2020,20,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification,wood-input,2020,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification,electricity-input,2020,0.097,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification,FOM,2020,5,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification,investment,2020,1290.6,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification,VOM,2020,0.45,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,lifetime,2020,20,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,2020,1.52,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,2025,1.52,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,gas-input,2030,1.4,MWh_NG/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,2020,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,2025,0.05,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,electricity-input,2030,0.039,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,2020,5.2,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,2025,5.2,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,FOM,2030,6,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,2020,272.8,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,2025,272.8,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,investment,2030,191.3,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,2020,0.53,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production natural gas steam reforming CC,VOM,2030,0.07,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SGASH2RCC01, H2 Production-Methane Steam Reforming + Carbon Capture, large size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,lifetime,2020,20,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,2020,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,2025,1.77,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,coal-input,2030,1.62,MWh_coal/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,2020,0.111,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,2025,0.111,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,electricity-input,2030,0.023,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,2020,7.9,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,2025,7.9,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,FOM,2050,6.2,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,2020,520.4,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,2025,520.4,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,investment,2030,363.5,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,2020,0.2,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,2025,0.2,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production coal gasification CC,VOM,2030,0.13,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SCOAH2GCC01, H2 Production-Coal Gasification + Carbon Capture, big size, centralized and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification CC,lifetime,2020,20,years,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification CC,wood-input,2020,1.804,MWh_wood/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification CC,electricity-input,2020,0.143,MWh_el/MWh_H2,-,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification CC,FOM,2020,5,%/year,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification CC,investment,2020,1309.2,EUR/kW,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,2020,0.46,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC-EU-TIMES Full model, https://zenodo.org/records/3544900, file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`  (SBIOH2GCC01, H2 Production-Biomass Gasification + Carbon Capture, medium size, centralized, medium size, centralized) and currency year from file  file `SubRES_15_TECHS_HYDROGEN.xlsx`, Sheet `INPUT-Data(HP)`",
grey methanol synthesis,efficiency,2030,0.569,MWh_MeOH/MWh_gas,2020,"From https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236119311767, table 2, Methanol Synthesis with integrated autothermal reforming. Efficiency is the exergetic efficiency ",
grey methanol synthesis,carbondioxide-output,2030,0.0567742,t_CO2/MWh_gas,2020,"Calculated from the carbon content of gas (0.198 t_CO2/MWh) compared to the carbon content of MeOH (0.2482 t_CO2/MWh)",
grey methanol synthesis,investment,2030,1001188,EUR/MW_MeOH,2020,"Calculated from https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Jan/IRENA_Innovation_Renewable_Methanol_2021.pdf) Table 25 with an exchange rate of 0.8775 EUR/USD and energy content of 5.528 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH",
Enhanced Weathering,VOM,2020,179.6,EUR/t_CO2,2014,"Jessica Strefler et al 2018 Environ. Res. Lett. 13 034010 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa9c4, excluding electricity costs from supplemental J5 (basalt 20µm particle size), assuming 0.7541 EUR(2014)/USD(2014) and 3.33 t_basalt/t_CO2",
Enhanced Weathering,electricity-input,2020,0.1852,MWh_el/t_CO2,-,"Jessica Strefler et al 2018 Environ. Res. Lett. 13 034010 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa9c4 from supplemental J5 assuming 3.33 t_basalt/t_CO2, for crashing basalt and produce particles with 20µm size",
oil,fuel,2020,21.3,EUR/MWh,2020,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.85 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil"
oil,fuel,2025,34.2,EUR/MWh,2025,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.836 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil"
oil,fuel,2030,34.7,EUR/MWh,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)"
oil,fuel,2040,33.6,EUR/MWh,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)"
oil,fuel,2050,32.5,EUR/MWh,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)"